Xxxxx směrnice Xxxxxx
xx xxx 26. xxxxxxxx 1979,
xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
(79/796/XXX)
XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX,
x ohledem na Xxxxxxx x založení Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx společenství,
s xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx Xxxx 73/437/XXX ze xxx 11. xxxxxxxx 1973 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx se xxxxxxxxx cukrů xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx spotřebě [1], x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx 11 xxxxxxx směrnice,
vzhledem k xxxx, xx xxxxxx 11 xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, že xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx cukrů xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx;
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx xx vhodné xxxxxxxx počáteční xxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx;
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 73/437/XXX je xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx stanovení xxxxx u xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx x cukru xxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx u xxxxx xxxxx bílého, xxxxxxxx cukru, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx z xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx a xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx barvy x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxx;
xxxxxxxx x tomu, xx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Lanea x Xxxxxx (xxxxxx 7 x 8 x příloze XX x. XXX.3 a XXX.4) místo metody xxxxx Xxxxx x Xxxxxxxx (xxxxxx 6 x xxxxxxx XX x. XXX.3 a XXX.4);
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx v xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx,
XXXXXXX TUTO SMĚRNICI:
Článek 1
1. Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx k xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx I xxxx být xxxxxxxxx xxxxx metod xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx XX xxxx směrnice.
2. Xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxx x Xxxxxxxx (xxxxxxx XX, metoda 6) xx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxx cukru,
- x xxxxxxx invertním xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx invertním xxxxx,
- x sirupu x xxxxxxxxxx cukru,
- xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x dextrose xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxx území xxxxxxxx xx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx v xxxxxx xxxx více xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Lanea x Eynona (xxxxxxx XX, xxxxxx 7 xxxx 8).
3. Xxxxx xxxxxxx stát využije xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx x odst. 2 xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxx a ostatní xxxxxxx státy.
Xxxxxx 2
Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx a xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx pro xxxxxxxx souladu x xxxxx xxxxxxxx do 18 měsíců xx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxx x nich xxxxxxx Xxxxxx.
Xxxxxx 3
Xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
V Bruselu xxx 26. xxxxxxxx 1979.
Xx Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
xxxx Xxxxxx
[1] Úř. xxxx. X 356, 27.12.1973, x. 71.
XXXXXXX X
XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX METOD XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX K XXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX XX
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX X XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX URČENÝCH X LIDSKÉ XXXXXXXX
XXXX
1. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxx xx xx vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 200 x a xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx, xxxxx, xxxxxxxxx nádobky xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx uzávěrem.
2. Xxxxxxx činidla, přístroje x xxxxxxx
Xxx popisu xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx uváděny xxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx musí xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx nebo demineralizovaná xxxx s xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx čistotou.
Veškerá činidla xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx není xxxxxxxxx jinak.
Pokud xx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx bez xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx se x xxxxx roztok.
3. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků
V xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jako průměrná xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxx uvedeno xxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx, xxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx určen xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 1
STANOVENÍ XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX SUŠENÍM
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
- v cukru xxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxx v xxxxx xxxxx,
- x cukru xxxxx xxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sušením": xxxxxxx xxxxxx hmotnosti sušením xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx metody
Ztráta xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx stanoví xxxxxxx při xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
4. Přístroje x xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx x přesností 0,1 mg.
4.2 Sušárna x vhodnou xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, umožňující xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
4.3 Xxxxxx váženka x xxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx xxxx působení xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, x xxxxxxxx nejméně 100 xx x x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 30 mm.
4.4 Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx aktivovaným xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx obsahu xxxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxx 5.3 xx 5.7 xxxx být xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx po xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx.
5.1 Xxxxx (4.3) xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx (4.2) xxx xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
5.2 Miska xx nechá v xxxxxxxxxx (4.4) xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx 30 xx 35 xxxxx x poté xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.3 Xx misky xx xxxxxx přibližně 20 xx 30 x xxxxxx s xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.4 Xxxxx xx xxxxx do sušárny (4.2) x teplotě 103 ± 2 °X, kde se xxxxxxx 3 xxxxxx.
5.5 Xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx x exsikátoru (4.4) x xxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.6 Xxxxx se znovu xxxxx xx 30 xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx (4.4) x xxxxx xx s xxxxxxxxx na 0,1 xx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx 1 xx, xxxxxx xx opakuje. Xxxxx-xx xx zvýšení xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx se x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5.7 Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx čtyři xxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxx a postup xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx hmotnosti sušením x xxxxxxxxxx hmotnostních xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx:
xxx:
x0 xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (g),
m1 je xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx (g).
6.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi výsledky xxxx xxxxxxxxx provedených xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx sebou z xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx být xxxxx než 0,02 x xx 100 x vzorku.
METODA 2
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx sušárně
1. Xxxxxxx x oblast použití
Metoda xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx sušiny
- xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx škrobovém sirupu,
- x dextrose monohydrátu,
- x dextrose xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxx xxxxxx": obsah xxxxxx stanovený xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Podstata metody
Sušina xx xxxxxxx při xxxxxxx 70 ± 1 °C ve xxxxxxx xxxxxxx při xxxxx xxxxxxx 3,3 xXx (34 mbar). Xxxxxxxx vzorky xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx s vodou x s xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxx: xxxxxxxx xx x Xüxxxxxxxx nálevce xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx zředěnou xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (1 ml xxxxxxxxxxxxx kyseliny x xxxxxxx 1,19 x/xx xx xxxx xxxx xxx 20 °X), xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx na filtru xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx tak xxxxxx, xxxxx hodnota xX xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx 4; xxx se xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxx 103 ± 2 °X x uloží xx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx nádoby.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxx sušárna, xxxxxxxx, xxxxxx termostatem, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx a vakuovým xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx tak, xxx xxx zajištěn rychlý xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx.
5.2 Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx skládající xx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx silikagelem xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx vysoušedlem, x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx kolona xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx kyselinu xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx propojena x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx vstup xxxxxxx xx sušárny.
5.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x sušárně xxxx 3,3 xXx (34 xxxx) xxxx xxxxx.
5.4 Xxxxxx váženka x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx působení xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx zkoušky x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 100 xx x x xxxxxxxx nejméně 300 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x takové xxxxx, aby xxxxxxx xxxxx zapadnout do xxxxxxx.
5.6 Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx silikagelem xxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx s indikátorem xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
5.7 Analytické xxxx xxxxxx s xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xx xxxxxxx (5.4) se xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (5.5) xx xxxxxxx přibližně 30 x xxxxxxxxx (4.1), vše xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx (5.1) x xxxxxxxx 70 ± 1 °X x tlak xx xxxxx nejméně xx 3,3 kPa (34 xxxx).
Xxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx 5 xxxxx, xxxxxxx xx přes xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx zkontroluje xxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxx xx upraví.
6.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx atmosférického xxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx opatrným xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx suchého xxxxxxx. Miska x xx xxxxxxxxx tyčinkou xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx (5.6), xxx xx nechá xxxxxxxxxxx, x xxx xx zváží.
6.3 Xx xxxxxxx x obsahu 100 xx xx x xxxxxxxxx xx 1 mg xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx 10 x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
6.4 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxx 10 xx teplé xxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxxx skleněné xxxxxxx (5.5) kvantitativně xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx.
6.5 Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xx sušárny x xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx na 3,3 xXx (34 mbar). Xxxx se xxx 70 ± 1 °X, xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxx se xxxxxxx xx dobu 20 xxxxx; k xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx ke konci xxxxxxx xxx. Je xxxxxxxx udržovat xxxxxx x xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx pomalu xxxxxxx xx sušárny xxxxx xxxxxx xxx, aby xx xxxxx noci xxxx udržoval xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx 3,3 xXx (34 xxxx) xxxx xxxxx.
6.6 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx vzduchu. Xxxxxxx x x xxxxxxx xx okamžitě xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx, kde xx nechá xxxxxxxxxxx, x xxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 1 xx.
6.7 Xxxxxxx (6.5) se xxxxxxx po xxxxx 4 hodiny. V xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx a xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx vychladnout x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx považuje xxxxxx výsledek, xxx xxxxxx mezi xxxxx xxxxxxxx téže xxxxx xxxx větší než 2 xx. V xxxxxxx případě xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx 6.7.
6.8 Xxx stanovení xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx bezvodé xxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx křemeliny a xxxx zapotřebí.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx výpočtu
Obsah sušiny xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx:
xxx:
x0 = xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx zkušebního xxxxxx (x),
x1 = xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx, skleněnou xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx (x),
x2 = xx xxxxxxxx váženky x xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx tyčinkou (x).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx výsledky xxxx xxxxxxxxx provedených xxxxxxx xxxx rychle xx xxxxx x xxxxx vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx totožných xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,12 x xx 100 x xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 3
STANOVENÍ XXXXXXX SUŠINY
(Refraktometrická metoda)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx
- v xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x tekutém xxxxx cukru,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx cukru,
- x xxxxxx x invertního xxxxx,
- x sirupu x xxxxxx invertního xxxxx.
2. Definice
"Obsah xxxxxx": xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx metodou.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx zkušebního xxxxxx xxx 20 °X x xxxxx tabulek xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx indexu lomu xx xxxxxxx na xxxxx xxxxxx.
4. Přístroje x xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx, vybavený xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxx, která xx xxxxxxxxx termostatem xx xxxxxxx 20 ± 0,5 °X.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx zdroj xxxxxxxxxxx xx sodíkové výbojky.
5. Xxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxx xxxx xx vzorku přítomny xxxxxxxx, rozpustí xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx 1:1 (m/m).
5.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.1) xx xxxxx index xxxx xxxxxx xxx 20 °X.
6. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků x jejich xxxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx při 20 °X podle xxxxxxx xxxxxxx a xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku se x xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx přičte na xxxxx 1 % xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx hodnota 0,022.
6.2 Xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 1:1 (x/x), musí xx xxxxx vypočtené xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx dvěma.
6.3 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx výsledky dvou xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx za xxxxx x téhož xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx podmínek xxxxx xxx větší xxx 0,2 x xxxxxx na 100 x vzorku.
REFERENČNÍ XXXXXXX
Xxxxxx xxxx (n) xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx 20 °X [1]
x (20 °X) |
Xxxxxxxxx (%) |
1,3330 |
0,009 |
1,3331 |
0,078 |
1,3332 |
0,149 |
1,3333 |
0,218 |
1,3334 |
0,288 |
1,3335 |
0,358 |
1,3336 |
0,428 |
1,3337 |
0,498 |
1,3338 |
0,567 |
1,3339 |
0,637 |
1,3340 |
0,707 |
1,3341 |
0,776 |
1,3342 |
0,846 |
1,3343 |
0,915 |
1,3344 |
0,985 |
1,3345 |
1,054 |
1,3346 |
1,124 |
1,3347 |
1,193 |
1,3348 |
1,263 |
1,3349 |
1,332 |
1,3350 |
1,401 |
1,3351 |
1,470 |
1,3352 |
1,540 |
1,3353 |
1,609 |
1,3354 |
1,678 |
1,3355 |
1,747 |
1,3356 |
1,816 |
1,3357 |
1,885 |
1,3358 |
1,954 |
1,3359 |
2,023 |
1,3360 |
2,092 |
1,3361 |
2,161 |
1,3362 |
2,230 |
1,3363 |
2,299 |
1,3364 |
2,367 |
1,3365 |
2,436 |
1,3366 |
2,505 |
1,3367 |
2,574 |
1,3368 |
2,642 |
1,3369 |
2,711 |
1,3370 |
2,779 |
1,3371 |
2,848 |
1,3372 |
2,917 |
1,3373 |
2,985 |
1,3374 |
3,053 |
1,3375 |
3,122 |
1,3376 |
3,190 |
1,3377 |
3,259 |
1,3378 |
3,327 |
1,3379 |
3,395 |
1,3380 |
3,463 |
1,3381 |
3,532 |
1,3382 |
3,600 |
1,3383 |
3,668 |
1,3384 |
3,736 |
1,3385 |
3,804 |
1,3386 |
3,872 |
1,3387 |
3,940 |
1,3388 |
4,008 |
1,3389 |
4,076 |
1,3390 |
4,144 |
1,3391 |
4,212 |
1,3392 |
4,279 |
1,3393 |
4,347 |
1,3394 |
4,415 |
1,3395 |
4,483 |
1,3396 |
4,550 |
1,3397 |
4,618 |
1,3398 |
4,686 |
1,3399 |
4,753 |
1,3400 |
4,821 |
1,3401 |
4,888 |
1,3402 |
4,956 |
1,3403 |
5,023 |
1,3404 |
5,091 |
1,3405 |
5,158 |
1,3406 |
5,225 |
1,3407 |
5,293 |
1,3408 |
5,360 |
1,3409 |
5,427 |
1,3410 |
5,494 |
1,3411 |
5,562 |
1,3412 |
5,629 |
1,3413 |
5,696 |
1,3414 |
5,763 |
1,3415 |
5,830 |
1,3416 |
5,897 |
1,3417 |
5,964 |
1,3418 |
6,031 |
1,3419 |
6,098 |
1,3420 |
6,165 |
1,3421 |
6,231 |
1,3422 |
6,298 |
1,3423 |
6,365 |
1,3424 |
6,432 |
1,3425 |
6,498 |
1,3426 |
6,565 |
1,3427 |
6,632 |
1,3428 |
6,698 |
1,3429 |
6,765 |
1,3430 |
6,831 |
1,3431 |
6,898 |
1,3432 |
6,964 |
1,3433 |
7,031 |
1,3434 |
7,097 |
1,3435 |
7,164 |
1,3436 |
7,230 |
1,3437 |
7,296 |
1,3438 |
7,362 |
1,3439 |
7,429 |
1,3440 |
7,495 |
1,3441 |
7,561 |
1,3442 |
7,627 |
1,3443 |
7,693 |
1,3444 |
7,759 |
1,3445 |
7,825 |
1,3446 |
7,891 |
1,3447 |
7,957 |
1,3448 |
8,023 |
1,3449 |
8,089 |
1,3450 |
8,155 |
1,3451 |
8,221 |
1,3452 |
8,287 |
1,3453 |
8,352 |
1,3454 |
8,418 |
1,3455 |
8,484 |
1,3456 |
8,550 |
1,3457 |
8,615 |
1&xxxx;3458 |
8,681 |
1,3459 |
8,746 |
1,3460 |
8,812 |
1,3461 |
8,878 |
1,3462 |
8,943 |
1,3463 |
9,008 |
1,3464 |
9,074 |
1,3465 |
9,139 |
1,3466 |
9,205 |
1,3467 |
9,270 |
1,3468 |
9,335 |
1,3469 |
9,400 |
1,3470 |
9,466 |
1,3471 |
9,531 |
1,3472 |
9,596 |
1,3473 |
9,661 |
1,3474 |
9,726 |
1,3475 |
9,791 |
1,3476 |
9,856 |
1,3477 |
9,921 |
1,3478 |
9,986 |
1,3479 |
10,051 |
1,3480 |
10,116 |
1,3481 |
10,181 |
1,3482 |
10,246 |
1,3483 |
10,311 |
1,3484 |
10,375 |
1,3485 |
10,440 |
1,3486 |
10,505 |
1,3487 |
10,570 |
1,3488 |
10,634 |
1,3489 |
10,699 |
1,3490 |
10,763 |
1,3491 |
10,828 |
1,3492 |
10,892 |
1,3493 |
10,957 |
1,3494 |
11,021 |
1,3495 |
11,086 |
1,3496 |
11,150 |
1,3497 |
11,215 |
1,3498 |
11,279 |
1,3499 |
11,343 |
1,3500 |
11,407 |
1,3501 |
11,472 |
1,3502 |
11,536 |
1,3503 |
11,600 |
1,3504 |
11,664 |
1,3505 |
11,728 |
1,3506 |
11,792 |
1,3507 |
11,856 |
1,3508 |
11,920 |
1,3509 |
11,984 |
1,3510 |
12,048 |
1,3511 |
12,112 |
1,3512 |
12,176 |
1,3513 |
12,240 |
1,3514 |
12,304 |
1,3515 |
12,368 |
1,3516 |
12,431 |
1,3517 |
12,495 |
1,3518 |
12,559 |
1,3519 |
12,623 |
1,3520 |
12,686 |
1,3521 |
12,750 |
1,3522 |
12,813 |
1,3523 |
12,877 |
1,3524 |
12,940 |
1,3525 |
13,004 |
1,3526 |
13,067 |
1,3527 |
13,131 |
1,3528 |
13,194 |
1,3529 |
13,258 |
1,3530 |
13,321 |
1,3531 |
13,384 |
1,3532 |
13,448 |
1,3533 |
13,511 |
1,3534 |
13,574 |
1,3535 |
13,637 |
1,3536 |
13,700 |
1,3537 |
13,763 |
1,3538 |
13,826 |
1,3539 |
13,890 |
1,3540 |
13,953 |
1,3541 |
14,016 |
1,3542 |
14,079 |
1,3543 |
14,141 |
1,3544 |
14,204 |
1,3545 |
14,267 |
1,3546 |
14,330 |
1,3547 |
14,393 |
1,3548 |
14,456 |
1,3549 |
14,518 |
1,3550 |
14,581 |
1,3551 |
14,644 |
1,3552 |
14,707 |
1,3553 |
14,769 |
1,3554 |
14,832 |
1,3555 |
14,894 |
1,3556 |
14,957 |
1,3557 |
15,019 |
1,3558 |
15,082 |
1,3559 |
15,144 |
1,3560 |
15,207 |
1,3561 |
15,269 |
1,3562 |
15,332 |
1,3563 |
15,394 |
1,3564 |
15,456 |
1,3565 |
15,518 |
1,3566 |
15,581 |
1,3567 |
15,643 |
1,3568 |
15,705 |
1,3569 |
15,767 |
1,3570 |
15,829 |
1,3571 |
15,891 |
1,3572 |
15,953 |
1,3573 |
16,016 |
1,3574 |
16,078 |
1,3575 |
16,140 |
1,3576 |
16,201 |
1,3577 |
16,263 |
1,3578 |
16,325 |
1,3579 |
16,387 |
1,3580 |
16,449 |
1,3581 |
16,511 |
1,3582 |
16,573 |
1,3583 |
16,634 |
1,3584 |
16,696 |
1,3585 |
16,758 |
1,3586 |
16,819 |
1,3587 |
16,881 |
1,3588 |
16,943 |
1,3389 |
17,004 |
1,3590 |
17,066 |
1,3591 |
17,127 |
1,3592 |
17,189 |
1,3593 |
17,250 |
1,3594 |
17,311 |
1,3595 |
17,373 |
1,3596 |
17,434 |
1,3597 |
17,496 |
1,3598 |
17,557 |
1,3599 |
17,618 |
1,3600 |
17,679 |
1,3601 |
17,741 |
1,3602 |
17,802 |
1,3603 |
17,863 |
1,3604 |
17,924 |
1,3605 |
17,985 |
1,3606 |
18,046 |
1,3607 |
18,107 |
1,3608 |
18,168 |
1,3609 |
18,229 |
1,3610 |
18,290 |
1,3610 |
18,351 |
1,3611 |
18,412 |
1,3613 |
18,473 |
1,3614 |
18,534 |
1,3615 |
18,595 |
1,3616 |
18,655 |
1,3617 |
18,716 |
1,3618 |
18,777 |
1,3619 |
18,837 |
1,3620 |
18,898 |
1,3621 |
18,959 |
1,3622 |
19,019 |
1,3623 |
19,080 |
1,3624 |
19,141 |
1,3625 |
19,201 |
1,3626 |
19,262 |
1,3627 |
19,322 |
1,3628 |
19,382 |
1,3629 |
19,443 |
1,3630 |
19,503 |
1,3631 |
19,564 |
1,3632 |
19,624 |
1,3633 |
19,684 |
1,3634 |
19,745 |
1,3635 |
19,805 |
1,3636 |
19,865 |
1,3637 |
19,925 |
1,3638 |
19,985 |
1,3639 |
20,045 |
1,3640 |
20,106 |
1.3641 |
20,166 |
1,3642 |
20,226 |
1,3643 |
20,286 |
1,3644 |
20,346 |
1,3645 |
20,406 |
1,3646 |
20,466 |
1,3647 |
20,525 |
1,3648 |
20,585 |
1,3649 |
20,645 |
1,3650 |
20,705 |
1,3651 |
20,765 |
1,3652 |
20,825 |
1,3653 |
20,884 |
1,3654 |
20,944 |
1,3655 |
21,004 |
1,3656 |
21,063 |
1,3657 |
21,123 |
1,3658 |
21,183 |
1,3659 |
21,242 |
1,3660 |
21,302 |
1,3661 |
21,361 |
1,3662 |
21,421 |
1,3563 |
21,480 |
1,3664 |
21,540 |
1,3665 |
21,599 |
1,3666 |
21,658 |
1,3667 |
21,718 |
1,3668 |
21,777 |
1,3669 |
21,836 |
1,3670 |
21,896 |
1,3671 |
21,955 |
1,3672 |
22,014 |
1,1673 |
22,073 |
1,3674 |
22,132 |
1,3675 |
22,192 |
1,3676 |
22,251 |
1,1677 |
22,310 |
1,3678 |
22,369 |
1,3679 |
22,428 |
1,3680 |
22,487 |
1,3681 |
22,546 |
1,3682 |
22,605 |
1,3683 |
22,664 |
1,3684 |
22,723 |
1,3685 |
22,781 |
1,3686 |
22,840 |
1,3687 |
22,899 |
1,3688 |
22,958 |
1,3689 |
23,017 |
1,3690 |
23,075 |
1,3691 |
23,134 |
1,3692 |
23,193 |
1,3693 |
23,251 |
1,3694 |
23,310 |
1,3695 |
23,369 |
1,3696 |
23,427 |
1,3697 |
23,486 |
1,3698 |
23,544 |
1,3699 |
23,603 |
1,3700 |
23,661 |
1,3701 |
23,720 |
1,3702 |
23,778 |
1,3703 |
23,836 |
1,3704 |
23,895 |
1,3705 |
23,953 |
1,3706 |
24,011 |
1,3707 |
24,070 |
1,3708 |
24,128 |
1,3709 |
24,186 |
1,3710 |
24,244 |
1,3711 |
24,302 |
1,3712 |
24,361 |
1,3713 |
24,419 |
1,3714 |
24,477 |
1,3715 |
24,535 |
1,3716 |
24,593 |
1,3717 |
24,651 |
1,3718 |
24,709 |
1,3719 |
24,767 |
1,3720 |
24,825 |
1,3721 |
24,883 |
1,3722 |
24,941 |
1,3723 |
24,998 |
1,3724 |
25,056 |
1,3725 |
25,114 |
1,3726 |
25,172 |
1,3727 |
25,230 |
1,3728 |
25287 |
1,3729 |
25,345 |
1,3730 |
25,403 |
1,3731 |
25,460 |
1,3732 |
25,518 |
1,3733 |
25,576 |
1,3734 |
25,633 |
1,3735 |
25,691 |
1,3736 |
25,748 |
1,3737 |
25,806 |
1,3738 |
25,863 |
1,3739 |
25,921 |
1,3740 |
25,978 |
1,3741 |
26,035 |
1,3742 |
26,093 |
1,3743 |
26,150 |
1,3744 |
26,207 |
1,3745 |
26,265 |
1,3746 |
26,322 |
1,3747 |
26,379 |
1,3748 |
26,436 |
1,3749 |
26,493 |
1,3750 |
26,551 |
1,3751 |
26,608 |
1,3752 |
26,665 |
1,3753 |
26,722 |
1,3754 |
26,779 |
1,3755 |
26,836 |
1,3756 |
26,893 |
1,3757 |
26,950 |
1,3758 |
27,007 |
1,3759 |
27,064 |
1,3760 |
27,121 |
1,3761 |
27,178 |
1,3762 |
27,234 |
1,3763 |
27,291 |
1,3764 |
27,348 |
1,3765 |
27,405 |
1,3765 |
27,462 |
1,3767 |
27,518 |
1,3768 |
27,575 |
1,3769 |
27,632 |
1,3770 |
27,688 |
1,3771 |
27,745 |
1,3772 |
27,802 |
1,3773 |
27,858 |
1,3774 |
27,915 |
1,3775 |
27,971 |
1,3776 |
28,028 |
1,3777 |
28,084 |
1,3778 |
28,141 |
1,3779 |
28,197 |
1,3780 |
28,253 |
1,3781 |
28,310 |
1,3782 |
28,366 |
1,3783 |
28,422 |
1,3784 |
28,479 |
1,3785 |
28,535 |
1,3786 |
28,591 |
1,3787 |
28,648 |
1,3788 |
28,704 |
1,3789 |
28,760 |
1,3790 |
28,816 |
1,3791 |
28,872 |
1,3792 |
28,928 |
1,3793 |
28,984 |
1,3794 |
29,040 |
1,3795 |
29,096 |
1,3796 |
29,152 |
1,3797 |
29,208 |
1,3798 |
29,264 |
1,3799 |
29,320 |
1,3800 |
29,376 |
1,3801 |
29,432 |
1,3802 |
29,488 |
1,3803 |
29,544 |
1,3804 |
29,600 |
1,3805 |
29,655 |
1,3806 |
29,711 |
1,3807 |
29,767 |
1,3808 |
29,823 |
1,3809 |
29,878 |
1,3810 |
29,934 |
1,3811 |
29,989 |
1,3812 |
30,045 |
1,3813 |
30,101 |
1,3814 |
30,156 |
1,3815 |
30,212 |
1,3816 |
30,267 |
1,3817 |
30,323 |
1,3818 |
30,378 |
1,3819 |
30,434 |
1,3820 |
30,489 |
1,3821 |
30,544 |
1,3822 |
30,600 |
1,3823 |
30,655 |
1,3824 |
30,711 |
1,3825 |
30,766 |
1,3826 |
30,821 |
1,3827 |
30,876 |
1,3828 |
30,932 |
1,3829 |
30,987 |
1,3830 |
31,042 |
1,3831 |
31,097 |
1,3832 |
31,152 |
1,3833 |
31,207 |
1,3834 |
31,262 |
1,3835 |
31,317 |
1,3836 |
31,372 |
1,3837 |
31,428 |
1,3838 |
31,482 |
1,3839 |
31,537 |
1,3840 |
31,592 |
1,3841 |
31,647 |
1,3842 |
31,702 |
1,3843 |
31,757 |
1,3844 |
31,812 |
1,3845 |
31,867 |
1,3846 |
31,922 |
1,3847 |
31,976 |
1,3848 |
32,031 |
1,3849 |
32,086 |
1,3850 |
32,140 |
1,3851 |
32,195 |
1,3852 |
32,250 |
1,3853 |
32,304 |
1,3854 |
32,359 |
1,3855 |
32,414 |
1,3856 |
32,468 |
1,3857 |
32,523 |
1,3858 |
32,577 |
1,3859 |
32,632 |
1,3860 |
32,686 |
1,3861 |
32,741 |
1,3862 |
32,795 |
1,3863 |
32,849 |
1,3864 |
32,904 |
1,3865 |
32,958 |
1,3866 |
33,013 |
1,3867 |
33,067 |
1,3868 |
33,121 |
1,3889 |
33,175 |
1,3870 |
33,230 |
1,3871 |
33,284 |
1,3872 |
33,338 |
1,3873 |
33,392 |
1,3874 |
33,446 |
1,3875 |
33,500 |
1,3876 |
33,555 |
1,3877 |
33,609 |
1,3878 |
33,663 |
1,3879 |
33,717 |
1,3880 |
33,771 |
1,3881 |
33,825 |
1,3882 |
33,879 |
1,3883 |
33,933 |
1,3884 |
33,987 |
1,3885 |
34,040 |
1,3886 |
34,094 |
1,3887 |
34,148 |
1,3888 |
34,202 |
1,3889 |
34,256 |
1,3890 |
34,310 |
1,3891 |
34,363 |
1,3892 |
34,417 |
1,3893 |
34,471 |
1,3894 |
34,524 |
1,3895 |
34,578 |
1,3896 |
34,632 |
1,3897 |
34,685 |
1,3898 |
34,739 |
1,3899 |
34,793 |
1,3900 |
34,846 |
1,3901 |
34,900 |
1,3902 |
34,953 |
1,3903 |
35,007 |
1,3904 |
35,060 |
1,3905 |
35,114 |
1,3906 |
35,167 |
1,3907 |
35,220 |
1,3908 |
35,274 |
1,3909 |
35,327 |
1,3910 |
35,380 |
1,3911 |
35,434 |
1,3912 |
35,487 |
1,3913 |
35,540 |
1,3914 |
35,593 |
1,3915 |
35,647 |
1,3916 |
35,700 |
1,3917 |
35,753 |
1,3918 |
35,806 |
1,3919 |
35,859 |
1,3920 |
35,912 |
1,3921 |
35,966 |
1,3922 |
36,019 |
1,3923 |
36,072 |
1,3924 |
36,125 |
1,3925 |
36,178 |
1,3926 |
36,231 |
1,3927 |
36,284 |
1,3928 |
36,337 |
1,3929 |
36,389 |
1,3930 |
36,442 |
1,3931 |
36,495 |
1,3932 |
36,548 |
1,3933 |
36,601 |
1,3934 |
36,654 |
1,3935 |
36,706 |
1,3936 |
36,759 |
1,3937 |
36,812 |
1,3938 |
36,865 |
1,3939 |
36,917 |
1,3940 |
36,970 |
1,3941 |
37,023 |
1,3942 |
37,075 |
1,3943 |
37,128 |
1,3944 |
37,180 |
1,3945 |
37,233 |
1,3946 |
37,286 |
1,3947 |
37,338 |
1,3948 |
37,391 |
1,3949 |
37,443 |
1,3950 |
37,495 |
1,3951 |
37,548 |
1,3952 |
37,600 |
1,3953 |
37,653 |
1,3954 |
37,705 |
1,3955 |
37,757 |
1,3956 |
37,810 |
1,3957 |
37,862 |
1,3958 |
37,914 |
1,3959 |
37,967 |
1,3960 |
38,019 |
1,3961 |
38,071 |
1,3962 |
38,123 |
1,3963 |
38,175 |
1,3964 |
38,228 |
1,3965 |
38,280 |
1,3966 |
38,332 |
1,3967 |
38,384 |
1,3968 |
38,436 |
1,3969 |
38,488 |
1,3970 |
38,540 |
1,3971 |
38,592 |
1,3972 |
38,644 |
1,3973 |
38,696 |
1,3974 |
38,748 |
1,3975 |
38,800 |
1,3976 |
38,852 |
1,3977 |
38,904 |
1,3978 |
38,955 |
1,3979 |
39,007 |
1,3980 |
39,059 |
1,3981 |
39,111 |
1,3982 |
39,163 |
1,3983 |
39,214 |
1,3984 |
39,266 |
1,3985 |
39,318 |
1,3986 |
39,370 |
1,3987 |
39,421 |
1,3988 |
39,473 |
1,3989 |
39,525 |
1,3990 |
39,576 |
1,3991 |
39,628 |
1,3992 |
39,679 |
1,3993 |
39,731 |
1,3994 |
39,782 |
1,3995 |
39,834 |
1,3996 |
39,885 |
1,3997 |
39,937 |
1,3998 |
39,988 |
1,3999 |
40,040 |
1,4000 |
40,091 |
1,4001 |
40,142 |
1,4002 |
40,194 |
1,4003 |
40,245 |
1,4004 |
40,296 |
1,4005 |
40,348 |
1,4006 |
40,399 |
1,4007 |
40,450 |
1,4008 |
40,501 |
1,4009 |
40,553 |
1,4010 |
40,604 |
1,4011 |
40,655 |
1,4012 |
40,706 |
1,4013 |
40,757 |
1,4014 |
40,808 |
1,4015 |
40,860 |
1,4016 |
40,911 |
1,4017 |
40,962 |
1,4018 |
41,013 |
1,4019 |
41,064 |
1,4020 |
41,115 |
1,4021 |
41,166 |
1,4022 |
41,217 |
1,4023 |
41,268 |
1,4024 |
41,318 |
1,4025 |
41,369 |
1,4026 |
41,420 |
1,4027 |
41,471 |
1,4028 |
41,522 |
1,4029 |
41,573 |
1,4030 |
41,623 |
1,4031 |
41,674 |
1,4032 |
41,725 |
1,4033 |
41,776 |
1,4034 |
41,826 |
1,4035 |
41,877 |
1,4036 |
41,928 |
1,4037 |
41,978 |
1,4038 |
42,029 |
1,4039 |
42,080 |
1,4040 |
42,130 |
1,4041 |
42,181 |
1,4042 |
42,231 |
1,4043 |
42,282 |
1,4044 |
42,332 |
1,4045 |
42,383 |
1,4046 |
42,433 |
1,4047 |
42,484 |
1,4048 |
42,534 |
1,4049 |
42,585 |
1,4050 |
42,635 |
1,4051 |
42,685 |
1,4052 |
42,736 |
1,4053 |
42,786 |
1,4054 |
42,836 |
1,4055 |
42,887 |
1,4056 |
42,937 |
1,4057 |
42,987 |
1,4058 |
43,037 |
1,4059 |
43,088 |
1,4060 |
43,138 |
1,4061 |
43,188 |
1,4062 |
43,238 |
1,4063 |
43,288 |
1,4064 |
43,338 |
1,4065 |
43,388 |
1,4066 |
43,439 |
1,4067 |
43,489 |
1,4068 |
43,539 |
1,4069 |
43,589 |
1,4070 |
43,639 |
1,4071 |
43,689 |
1,4072 |
43739 |
1,4073 |
43,789 |
1,4074 |
43,838 |
1,4075 |
43,888 |
1,4076 |
43,938 |
1,4077 |
43,988 |
1,4078 |
44,038 |
1,4079 |
44,088 |
1,4080 |
44,138 |
1,4081 |
44,187 |
1,4082 |
44,237 |
1,4083 |
44,287 |
1,4084 |
44,337 |
1,4085 |
44,386 |
1,4086 |
44,436 |
1,4087 |
44,486 |
1,4088 |
44,535 |
1,4089 |
44,585 |
1,4090 |
44,635 |
1,4091 |
44,684 |
1,4092 |
44,734 |
1,4093 |
44,783 |
1,4094 |
44,833 |
1,4095 |
44,882 |
1,4096 |
44,932 |
1,4097 |
44,981 |
1,4098 |
45,031 |
1,4099 |
45,080 |
1,4100 |
45,130 |
1,4101 |
43,179 |
1,4102 |
45,228 |
1,4103 |
45,278 |
1,4104 |
45,327 |
1,4105 |
45,376 |
1,4106 |
45,426 |
1,4107 |
45,475 |
1,4108 |
45,524 |
1,4109 |
45,574 |
1,4110 |
45,623 |
1,4111 |
45,672 |
1,4112 |
45,721 |
1,4113 |
45,770 |
1,4114 |
45,820 |
1,4115 |
45,869 |
1,4116 |
45,918 |
1,4117 |
46,967 |
1,4118 |
46,016 |
1,4119 |
46,065 |
1,4120 |
46,114 |
1,4121 |
46,163 |
1,4122 |
46,212 |
1,4123 |
46,261 |
1,4124 |
46,310 |
1,4125 |
46,359 |
1,4126 |
46,408 |
1,4127 |
46,457 |
1,4128 |
46,506 |
1,4129 |
46,555 |
1,4130 |
46,604 |
1,4131 |
46,652 |
1,4132 |
46,701 |
1,4133 |
46,750 |
1,4134 |
46,799 |
1,4135 |
46,848 |
1,4136 |
46,896 |
1,4137 |
46,945 |
1,4138 |
46,994 |
1,4139 |
47,043 |
1,4140 |
47,091 |
1,4141 |
47,140 |
1,4141 |
47,188 |
1,4143 |
47,237 |
1,4144 |
47,286 |
1,4145 |
47,334 |
1,4146 |
47,383 |
1,4147 |
47,431 |
1,4148 |
47,480 |
1,4149 |
47,528 |
1,4150 |
47,577 |
1,4151 |
47,625 |
1,4152 |
47,674 |
1,4153 |
47,722 |
1,4154 |
47,771 |
1,4155 |
47,819 |
1,4156 |
47,868 |
1,4157 |
47,916 |
1,4158 |
47,964 |
1,4159 |
48,013 |
1,4160 |
48,061 |
1,4161 |
48,109 |
1,4162 |
48,158 |
1,4163 |
48,206 |
1,4164 |
48,254 |
1,4165 |
48,302 |
1,4166 |
48,350 |
1,4167 |
48,399 |
1,4168 |
48,447 |
1,4169 |
48,495 |
1,4170 |
48,543 |
1,4171 |
48,591 |
1,4172 |
48,639 |
1,4173 |
48,687 |
1,4174 |
48,735 |
1,4175 |
48,784 |
1,4176 |
48,832 |
1,4177 |
48,880 |
1,4178 |
48,928 |
1,4179 |
48,976 |
1,4180 |
49,023 |
1,4181 |
49,071 |
1,4182 |
49,119 |
1,4183 |
49,167 |
1,4184 |
49,215 |
1,4185 |
49,263 |
1,4186 |
49,311 |
1,4187 |
49,359 |
1,4188 |
49,407 |
1,4189 |
49,454 |
1,4190 |
49,502 |
1,4191 |
49,550 |
1,4192 |
49,598 |
1,4193 |
49,645 |
1,4194 |
49,693 |
1,4195 |
49,741 |
1,4196 |
49,788 |
1,4197 |
49,836 |
1,4198 |
49,884 |
1,4199 |
49,931 |
1,4200 |
49,979 |
1,4201 |
50,027 |
1,4202 |
50,074 |
1,4203 |
50,122 |
1,4204 |
50,169 |
1,4205 |
50,217 |
1,4206 |
50,264 |
1,4207 |
50,312 |
1,4208 |
50,359 |
1,4209 |
50,407 |
1,4210 |
50,454 |
1,4211 |
50,502 |
1,4212 |
50,549 |
1,4213 |
50,596 |
1,4214 |
50,644 |
1,4215 |
50,691 |
1,4216 |
50,738 |
1,4217 |
50,786 |
1,4218 |
50,833 |
1,4219 |
50,880 |
1,4220 |
50,928 |
1,4221 |
50,975 |
1,4222 |
51,022 |
1,4223 |
51,069 |
1,4224 |
51,116 |
1,4225 |
51,164 |
1,4226 |
51,211 |
1,4227 |
51,258 |
1,4228 |
51305 |
1,4229 |
51,352 |
1,4230 |
51,399 |
1,4231 |
51,446 |
1,4232 |
51,493 |
1,4233 |
51,540 |
1,4234 |
51,587 |
1,4235 |
51,634 |
1,4236 |
51,681 |
1,4237 |
51,728 |
1,4238 |
51,775 |
1,4239 |
51,822 |
1,4240 |
51,869 |
1,4241 |
51,916 |
1,4242 |
51,963 |
1,4243 |
52,010 |
1,4244 |
52,057 |
1,4245 |
52,104 |
1,4246 |
52,150 |
1,4247 |
52,197 |
1,4248 |
52,244 |
1,4249 |
52,291 |
1,4250 |
52,338 |
1,4251 |
52,384 |
1,4252 |
52,431 |
1,4253 |
52,478 |
1,4254 |
52,524 |
1,4255 |
52,571 |
1,4256 |
52,618 |
1,4257 |
52,664 |
1,4258 |
52,711 |
1,4259 |
52,758 |
1,4260 |
52,804 |
1,4261 |
52,851 |
1,4261 |
52,897 |
1,4263 |
52,944 |
1,4264 |
52,990 |
1,4265 |
53,037 |
1,4266 |
53,083 |
1,4267 |
53,130 |
1,4268 |
53,176 |
1,4269 |
53,223 |
1,4270 |
53,269 |
1,4271 |
53,316 |
1,4272 |
53,362 |
1,4273 |
53,408 |
1,4274 |
53,455 |
1,4275 |
53,501 |
1,4276 |
53,548 |
1,4277 |
53,594 |
1,4278 |
53,640 |
1,4279 |
53,686 |
1,4280 |
53,733 |
1,4281 |
53,779 |
1,4282 |
53,825 |
1,4283 |
53,871 |
1,4284 |
53,918 |
1,4285 |
53,964 |
1,4286 |
54,010 |
1,4287 |
54,056 |
1,4288 |
54,102 |
1,4289 |
54,148 |
1,4290 |
54,194 |
1,4291 |
54,241 |
1,4292 |
54,287 |
1,4293 |
54,333 |
1,4294 |
54,379 |
1,4295 |
54,425 |
1,4296 |
54,471 |
1,4297 |
54,517 |
1,4298 |
54,563 |
1,4299 |
54,609 |
1,4300 |
54,655 |
1,4301 |
54,701 |
1,4302 |
54,746 |
1,4303 |
54,792 |
1,4304 |
54,838 |
1,4305 |
54,884 |
1,4306 |
54,930 |
1,4307 |
54,976 |
1,4308 |
55,022 |
1,4309 |
55067 |
1,4310 |
55,113 |
1,4311 |
55,159 |
1,4312 |
55,205 |
1,4313 |
55,250 |
1,4314 |
55,296 |
1,4315 |
55,342 |
1,4316 |
55,388 |
1,4317 |
55,433 |
1,4318 |
55,479 |
1,4319 |
55,524 |
1,4320 |
55,570 |
1,4321 |
55,616 |
1,4322 |
55,661 |
1,4323 |
55,707 |
1,4324 |
55,752 |
1,4325 |
55,798 |
1,4326 |
55,844 |
1,4327 |
55,889 |
1,4328 |
55,935 |
1,4329 |
55,980 |
1,4330 |
56,026 |
1,4331 |
56,071 |
1,4332 |
56,116 |
1,4133 |
56,162 |
1,4334 |
56,207 |
1,4335 |
56,253 |
1,4336 |
56,298 |
1,4337 |
56,343 |
1,4338 |
56,389 |
1,4339 |
56,434 |
1,4340 |
56,479 |
1,4341 |
56,525 |
1,4342 |
56,570 |
1,4343 |
56,615 |
1,4344 |
56,660 |
1,4345 |
56,706 |
1,4346 |
56,751 |
1,4347 |
56,796 |
1,4348 |
56,841 |
1,4349 |
56,887 |
1,4350 |
56,932 |
1,4351 |
56,977 |
1,4352 |
57,022 |
1,4353 |
57,067 |
1,4354 |
57,112 |
1,4355 |
57,157 |
1,4356 |
57,202 |
1,4357 |
57,247 |
14358 |
57,292 |
1,4359 |
57,337 |
1,4360 |
57,382 |
1,4361 |
57,427 |
1,4362 |
57,472 |
1,4363 |
57,517 |
1,4364 |
57,562 |
1,4365 |
57,607 |
1,4366 |
57,652 |
1,4367 |
57,697 |
1,4368 |
57,742 |
1,4369 |
57,787 |
1,4370 |
57,832 |
1,4371 |
57,877 |
1,4372 |
57,921 |
1,4373 |
57,966 |
1,4374 |
58,011 |
1,4375 |
58,056 |
1,4376 |
58,101 |
1,4377 |
58,145 |
1,4378 |
58,190 |
1,4379 |
58,235 |
1,4380 |
58,279 |
1,4381 |
58,324 |
1,4382 |
58,369 |
1,4383 |
58,413 |
1,4384 |
53,458 |
1,4385 |
58,503 |
1,4386 |
58,547 |
1,4387 |
58,592 |
1,4388 |
58,637 |
1,4389 |
58,681 |
1,4390 |
58,726 |
1,4391 |
58,770 |
1,4392 |
58,815 |
1,4393 |
58,859 |
1,4394 |
58,904 |
1,4395 |
58,948 |
1,4396 |
58,993 |
1,4397 |
59,037 |
1,4398 |
59,082 |
1,4399 |
59,126 |
1,4400 |
59,170 |
1,4401 |
59,215 |
1,4402 |
59,259 |
1,4403 |
59,304 |
1,4404 |
59,348 |
1,4405 |
59,392 |
1,4406 |
59,437 |
1,4407 |
59,481 |
1,4408 |
59,525 |
1,4409 |
59,569 |
1,4410 |
59,614 |
1,4411 |
59,658 |
1,4412 |
59,702 |
1,4413 |
59,746 |
1,4414 |
59,791 |
1,4415 |
59,835 |
1,4416 |
59,879 |
1,4417 |
59,923 |
1,4418 |
59,967 |
1,4419 |
60,011 |
1,4420 |
60,056 |
1,4421 |
60,100 |
1,4422 |
60,144 |
1,4423 |
60,188 |
1,4424 |
60,232 |
1,4425 |
60,276 |
1,4426 |
60,320 |
1,4427 |
60,364 |
1,4428 |
60,408 |
1,4429 |
60,452 |
1,4430 |
60,496 |
1,4431 |
60,540 |
1,4432 |
60,584 |
1,4433 |
60,628 |
1,4434 |
60,672 |
1,4435 |
60,716 |
1,4436 |
60,759 |
1,4437 |
60,803 |
1,4438 |
60,847 |
1,4439 |
60,891 |
1,4440 |
60,935 |
1,4441 |
60,979 |
1,4442 |
61,023 |
1,4443 |
61,066 |
1,4444 |
61,110 |
1,4445 |
61,154 |
1,4446 |
61,198 |
1,4447 |
61,241 |
1,4448 |
61,285 |
1,4449 |
61,329 |
1,4450 |
61,372 |
1,4451 |
61,416 |
1,4452 |
61,460 |
1,4453 |
61,503 |
1,4454 |
61,547 |
1,4455 |
61,591 |
1,4456 |
61,634 |
1,4457 |
61,678 |
1,4458 |
61,721 |
1,4459 |
61,765 |
1,4460 |
61,809 |
1,4461 |
61,852 |
1,4462 |
61,896 |
1,4463 |
61,939 |
1,4464 |
62,983 |
1,4465 |
62,026 |
1,4466 |
62,070 |
1,4467 |
62,113 |
1,4468 |
62,156 |
1,4469 |
62,200 |
1,4470 |
62,243 |
1,4471 |
62,287 |
1,4472 |
62,330 |
1,4473 |
62,373 |
1,4474 |
62,417 |
1,4475 |
62,460 |
1,4476 |
62,503 |
1,4477 |
62,547 |
1,4478 |
62,590 |
14479 |
62,633 |
1,4480 |
62,677 |
1,4481 |
62,720 |
1,4482 |
62,763 |
1,4483 |
62,806 |
1,4184 |
62,849 |
1,4485 |
62,893 |
1,4486 |
62,936 |
1,4487 |
62,979 |
1,4488 |
63,022 |
1,4489 |
63,065 |
1,4490 |
63,108 |
1,4491 |
63,152 |
1,4492 |
63,195 |
1,4493 |
63,238 |
1,4494 |
63,281 |
1,4495 |
63,324 |
1,4496 |
63,367 |
1,4497 |
63,410 |
1,4498 |
63,453 |
1,4499 |
63,496 |
1,4500 |
63,539 |
1,4501 |
63,582 |
1,4502 |
63,625 |
1,4503 |
63,668 |
1,4304 |
63,711 |
1,4505 |
63,754 |
1,4506 |
63,797 |
1,4507 |
63,840 |
1,4508 |
63,882 |
1,4509 |
63,925 |
1,4510 |
63,968 |
1,4511 |
64,011 |
1,4512 |
64,054 |
1,4513 |
64,097 |
1,4514 |
64,139 |
1,4515 |
64,182 |
1,4516 |
64,225 |
1,4517 |
64,268 |
1,4518 |
64,311 |
1,4519 |
64,353 |
1,4520 |
64,396 |
1,4521 |
64,439 |
1,4522 |
64,481 |
1,4523 |
64,524 |
1,4524 |
64,567 |
1,4525 |
64,609 |
1,4526 |
64,652 |
1,4527 |
64,695 |
1,4528 |
64,737 |
1,4529 |
64,780 |
1,4530 |
64,823 |
1,4531 |
64,865 |
1,4532 |
64,908 |
1,4533 |
64,950 |
1,4534 |
64,993 |
1,4535 |
65,035 |
1,4536 |
65,078 |
1,4537 |
65,120 |
1,4538 |
65,163 |
1,4539 |
65,205 |
1,4540 |
65,248 |
1,4541 |
65,290 |
1,4542 |
65,333 |
1,4543 |
65,375 |
1,4544 |
65,417 |
1,4545 |
65,460 |
1,4546 |
65,502 |
1,4547 |
65,544 |
1,4548 |
65,587 |
1,4549 |
65,629 |
1,4550 |
65,672 |
1,4551 |
65,714 |
1,4552 |
65,756 |
1,4553 |
65,798 |
1,4554 |
65,841 |
1,4555 |
65,883 |
1,4556 |
65,925 |
1,4557 |
65,967 |
1,4558 |
66,010 |
1,4559 |
66,052 |
1,4560 |
66,094 |
1,4561 |
66,136 |
1,4562 |
66,178 |
1,4563 |
66,221 |
1,4564 |
66,263 |
1,4565 |
66,305 |
1,4566 |
66,347 |
1,4567 |
66,389 |
1,4568 |
66,431 |
1,4569 |
66,473 |
1,4570 |
66,515 |
1,4571 |
66,557 |
1,4572 |
66,599 |
1,4573 |
66,641 |
1,4574 |
66,683 |
1,4575 |
66,725 |
1,4576 |
66,767 |
1,4577 |
66,809 |
1,4578 |
66,851 |
1,4579 |
66,893 |
1,4580 |
66,935 |
1,4581 |
66,977 |
1,4582 |
67,019 |
1,4583 |
67,061 |
1,4584 |
67,103 |
1,4585 |
67,145 |
1,4586 |
67,186 |
1,4587 |
67,228 |
1,4588 |
67,270 |
1,4589 |
67,312 |
1,4590 |
67,354 |
1,4591 |
67,396 |
1,4592 |
67,437 |
1,4593 |
67,479 |
1,4594 |
67,521 |
1,4595 |
67,563 |
1,4596 |
67,604 |
1,4597 |
67,646 |
1,4598 |
67,688 |
1,4599 |
67,729 |
1,4600 |
67,771 |
1,4601 |
67,813 |
1,4602 |
67,854 |
1,4603 |
67,896 |
1,4604 |
67,938 |
1,4605 |
67,979 |
1,4606 |
68,021 |
1,4607 |
68,063 |
1,4608 |
68,104 |
1,4609 |
68,146 |
1,4610 |
68,187 |
1,4611 |
68,229 |
1,4611 |
68,270 |
1,4613 |
68,312 |
1,4614 |
68,353 |
1,4615 |
68,395 |
1,4616 |
68,436 |
1,4617 |
68,478 |
1,4618 |
68,519 |
1,4619 |
68,561 |
1,4620 |
68,602 |
1,4621 |
68,643 |
1,4622 |
68,685 |
1,4623 |
68,726 |
1,4624 |
68,768 |
1,4625 |
68,809 |
1,4626 |
68,850 |
1,4627 |
68,892 |
1,4628 |
68,933 |
1,4629 |
68,974 |
1,4630 |
69,016 |
1,4631 |
69,057 |
1,4632 |
69,098 |
1,4633 |
69,139 |
1,4634 |
69,181 |
1,4635 |
69,222 |
1,4636 |
69,263 |
1,4637 |
69,304 |
1,4638 |
69,346 |
1,4639 |
69,387 |
1,4640 |
69,428 |
1,4641 |
69,469 |
1,4642 |
69,510 |
1,4643 |
69,551 |
1,4644 |
69,593 |
1,4645 |
69,634 |
1,4646 |
69,675 |
1,4647 |
69,716 |
1,4648 |
69,757 |
1,4649 |
69,798 |
1,4650 |
69,839 |
1,4651 |
69,880 |
1,4652 |
69,921 |
1,4653 |
69,962 |
1,4654 |
70,003 |
1,4655 |
70,044 |
1,4656 |
70,085 |
1,4657 |
70,126 |
1,4658 |
70,167 |
1,4659 |
70,208 |
1,4660 |
70,249 |
1,4661 |
70,290 |
1,4662 |
70,331 |
1,4663 |
70,372 |
1,4664 |
70,413 |
1,4665 |
70,453 |
1,4666 |
70,494 |
1,4667 |
70,535 |
1,4668 |
70,576 |
1,4669 |
70,617 |
1,4670 |
70,658 |
1,4671 |
70,698 |
1,4672 |
70,739 |
1,4673 |
70,780 |
1,4674 |
70,821 |
1,4675 |
70,861 |
1,4676 |
70,902 |
1,4677 |
70,943 |
1,4678 |
70,984 |
1,4679 |
71024 |
1,4680 |
71,065 |
1,4681 |
71,106 |
1,4681 |
71,146 |
1,4683 |
71,187 |
1,4684 |
71,228 |
1,4685 |
71,268 |
1,4686 |
71,309 |
1,4687 |
71,349 |
1,4688 |
71,390 |
1,4689 |
71,431 |
1,4690 |
71,471 |
1,4691 |
71,512 |
1,4692 |
71,552 |
1,4693 |
71,593 |
1,4694 |
71,633 |
1,4695 |
71,674 |
1,4696 |
71,714 |
1,4697 |
71,755 |
1,4698 |
71,795 |
1,4699 |
71,836 |
1,4700 |
71,876 |
1,4701 |
71,917 |
1,4702 |
71,957 |
1,4703 |
71,998 |
1,4704 |
72,038 |
1,4705 |
72,078 |
1,4706 |
72,119 |
1,4707 |
72,159 |
1,4708 |
72,199 |
1,4709 |
72,240 |
1,4710 |
72,280 |
1,4711 |
72,320 |
1,4712 |
72,361 |
1,4713 |
72,401 |
1,4714 |
72,441 |
1,4715 |
72,482 |
1,4716 |
72,522 |
1,4717 |
72,562 |
1,4718 |
72,602 |
1,4719 |
72,643 |
1,4720 |
72,683 |
1,4721 |
72,723 |
1,4722 |
72,763 |
1,4723 |
72,803 |
1,4724 |
72,843 |
1,4725 |
72,884 |
1,4726 |
72924 |
1,4727 |
72,964 |
1,4728 |
73,004 |
1,4729 |
73,044 |
1,4730 |
73,084 |
1,4731 |
73,124 |
1,4732 |
73,164 |
1,4733 |
73,204 |
1,4734 |
73,244 |
1,4735 |
73,285 |
1,4736 |
73,325 |
1,4737 |
73,365 |
1,4738 |
73,405 |
1,4739 |
73,445 |
1,4740 |
73,485 |
1,4741 |
73,524 |
1,4742 |
73,564 |
1,4743 |
73,604 |
1,4744 |
73,644 |
1,4745 |
73,684 |
1,4746 |
73,724 |
1,4747 |
73,764 |
1,4748 |
73,804 |
1,4749 |
73,844 |
1,4750 |
73,884 |
1,4751 |
73,924 |
1,4752 |
73,963 |
1,4753 |
74,003 |
1,4754 |
74,043 |
1,4755 |
74,083 |
1,4756 |
74,123 |
1,4757 |
74,162 |
1,4758 |
74,202 |
1,4759 |
74,242 |
1,4760 |
74,282 |
1,4761 |
74,321 |
1,4762 |
74,361 |
1,4763 |
74,401 |
1,4764 |
74,441 |
1,4765 |
74,480 |
1,4766 |
74,520 |
1,4767 |
74,560 |
1,4768 |
74,599 |
1,4769 |
74,639 |
1,4770 |
74,678 |
1,4771 |
74,718 |
1,1772 |
74,758 |
1,4773 |
74,797 |
1,4774 |
74,837 |
1,4775 |
74,876 |
1,4776 |
74,916 |
1,4777 |
74,956 |
1,4778 |
74,995 |
1,4779 |
75,035 |
1,4780 |
75,074 |
1,1781 |
75,114 |
1,4782 |
75,153 |
1,4783 |
75,193 |
1,4784 |
75,232 |
1,4785 |
75,272 |
1,4786 |
75,311 |
1,4787 |
75,350 |
1,4788 |
75,390 |
1,4789 |
75,429 |
1,4790 |
75,469 |
1,4791 |
75,508 |
1,4792 |
75,547 |
1,4793 |
75,587 |
1,4794 |
75,626 |
1,4795 |
75,666 |
1,4796 |
75,705 |
1,4797 |
75,744 |
1,4798 |
75,784 |
1,4799 |
75,823 |
1,4800 |
75,862 |
1,4801 |
75,901 |
1,4802 |
75,941 |
1,4803 |
75,980 |
1,4804 |
76,019 |
1,4805 |
76,058 |
1,4806 |
76,098 |
1,4807 |
76,137 |
1,4808 |
76,176 |
1,4809 |
76,215 |
1,4810 |
76,254 |
1,4810 |
76,294 |
1,4812 |
76,333 |
1,4813 |
76,372 |
1,4814 |
76,411 |
1,4815 |
76,450 |
1,4816 |
76,489 |
1,4817 |
76,528 |
1,4818 |
76,567 |
1,4819 |
76,607 |
1,4820 |
76,646 |
1,4821 |
76,685 |
1,4822 |
76,724 |
1,4823 |
76,763 |
1,4824 |
76,802 |
1,4825 |
76,841 |
1,4826 |
76,880 |
1,4827 |
76,919 |
1,4828 |
76,958 |
1,4829 |
76,997 |
1,4830 |
77,036 |
1,4831 |
77,075 |
1,4832 |
77,113 |
1,4833 |
77,152 |
1,4834 |
77,191 |
1,4835 |
77,230 |
1&xxxx;4336 |
77269 |
1,4837 |
77,308 |
1,4838 |
77,347 |
1,4839 |
77,386 |
1,4840 |
77,425 |
1,4841 |
77,463 |
1,4842 |
77,502 |
1,4843 |
77,541 |
1,4844 |
77,580 |
1,4845 |
77,619 |
1,4846 |
77,657 |
1,4847 |
77,696 |
1,4848 |
77,735 |
1,4849 |
77,774 |
1,4850 |
77,812 |
1,4851 |
77,851 |
1,4852 |
77,890 |
1,4853 |
77,928 |
1,4854 |
77,967 |
1,4855 |
78,006 |
1,4856 |
78,045 |
1,4857 |
78,083 |
1,4858 |
78,122 |
1,4859 |
78,160 |
1,4860 |
78,199 |
1,4861 |
78,238 |
1,4862 |
78,276 |
1,4863 |
78,315 |
1,4864 |
78,353 |
1,4865 |
78,392 |
1,4866 |
78,431 |
1,4867 |
78,469 |
1,4868 |
78,508 |
1,4869 |
78,546 |
1,4870 |
78,585 |
1,4871 |
78,623 |
1,4872 |
78,662 |
1,4873 |
78,700 |
1,4874 |
78,739 |
1,4875 |
78,777 |
1,4876 |
78,816 |
1,4877 |
78,854 |
1,4878 |
78,892 |
1,4879 |
78,931 |
1,4880 |
78,969 |
1,4881 |
79,008 |
1,4882 |
79,046 |
1,4883 |
79,084 |
1,4884 |
79,123 |
1,4885 |
79,161 |
1,4886 |
79,199 |
1,4887 |
79,238 |
1,4888 |
79,276 |
1,4889 |
79,314 |
1,4890 |
79,353 |
1,4891 |
79,391 |
1,4892 |
79,429 |
1,4893 |
79,468 |
1,4894 |
79,506 |
1,4895 |
79,544 |
1,4896 |
79,582 |
1,4897 |
79,620 |
1,4898 |
79,659 |
1,4899 |
79,697 |
1,4900 |
79,735 |
1,4901 |
79,773 |
1,4902 |
79,811 |
1,4903 |
79,850 |
1,4904 |
79,888 |
1,4905 |
79,926 |
1,4906 |
79,964 |
1,4907 |
80,002 |
1,4908 |
80,040 |
1,4909 |
80,078 |
1,4910 |
80,116 |
1,4911 |
80,154 |
1,4912 |
80,192 |
1,4913 |
80,231 |
1,4914 |
80,269 |
1,4915 |
80,307 |
1,4916 |
80,345 |
1,4917 |
80,383 |
1,4918 |
80,421 |
1,4919 |
80,459 |
1,4920 |
80,497 |
1,4921 |
80,534 |
1,4922 |
80,572 |
1,4923 |
80,610 |
1,4924 |
80,648 |
1,4925 |
80,686 |
1,4926 |
80,724 |
1,4927 |
80,762 |
1,4928 |
80,800 |
1,4929 |
80,838 |
1,4930 |
80,876 |
1,4931 |
80,913 |
1,4932 |
80,951 |
1,4933 |
80,989 |
1,4934 |
81,027 |
1,4935 |
81,065 |
1,4936 |
81,103 |
1,4937 |
81,140 |
1,4938 |
81,178 |
1,4939 |
81,216 |
1,4940 |
81,254 |
1,4941 |
81,291 |
1,4942 |
81,329 |
1,4943 |
81,367 |
1,4944 |
81,405 |
1,4945 |
81,442 |
1,4946 |
81,480 |
1,4947 |
81,518 |
1,4948 |
81,555 |
1,4949 |
81,593 |
1,4950 |
81,631 |
1,4951 |
81,668 |
1,4952 |
81,706 |
1,4953 |
81,744 |
1,4954 |
81,781 |
1,4955 |
81,819 |
1,4956 |
81,856 |
1,4957 |
81,894 |
1,4958 |
81,932 |
1,4959 |
81,969 |
1,4960 |
82,007 |
1,4961 |
82,044 |
1,4962 |
82,082 |
1,4963 |
82,119 |
1,4964 |
82,157 |
1,4965 |
82,194 |
1,4966 |
82,232 |
1,4967 |
82,269 |
1,4968 |
82,307 |
1,4969 |
82,344 |
1,4970 |
82,381 |
1,4971 |
82,419 |
1,4972 |
82,456 |
1,4973 |
82,494 |
1,4974 |
87,531 |
1,4975 |
82,569 |
1,9976 |
82,606 |
1,4977 |
82,643 |
1,4978 |
82,681 |
1,4979 |
82,718 |
1,4980 |
82,755 |
1,4981 |
82,793 |
1,4982 |
82,830 |
1,4983 |
82,867 |
1,4984 |
82,905 |
1,4985 |
82,942 |
1,4986 |
82,979 |
1,4987 |
83,016 |
1,4988 |
83,054 |
1,4989 |
83,091 |
14990 |
83,128 |
1,4991 |
83,165 |
1,4992 |
83,202 |
1,4993 |
83,240 |
1,4994 |
83,277 |
1,4995 |
83,314 |
1,4996 |
83,351 |
1,4997 |
83,388 |
1,4998 |
83,425 |
14999 |
83,463 |
1,5000 |
83,500 |
1,5001 |
83,537 |
1,5002 |
83,574 |
1,5003 |
83,611 |
1,5004 |
83,648 |
1,5005 |
83,685 |
1,5006 |
83,722 |
1,5007 |
83,759 |
1,5008 |
83,796 |
1,5009 |
83,833 |
1,5010 |
83,870 |
1,5011 |
83,907 |
1,5012 |
83,944 |
1,5013 |
83,981 |
1,5014 |
84,018 |
1,5015 |
84,055 |
1,5016 |
84,092 |
1,5017 |
84,129 |
1,5018 |
84,166 |
1,5019 |
84,203 |
1,5020 |
84,240 |
1,5021 |
84,277 |
1,5022 |
84,314 |
1,5023 |
84,351 |
1,5024 |
84,388 |
1,5025 |
84,424 |
1,5026 |
84,461 |
1,5027 |
84,498 |
1,5028 |
84,535 |
1,5029 |
84,572 |
1,5030 |
84,609 |
1,5031 |
84,645 |
1&xxxx;5032 |
84,682 |
1,5033 |
84,719 |
1,5034 |
84,756 |
1,5035 |
84,792 |
1,5036 |
84,829 |
1,5037 |
84,866 |
1,5038 |
84,903 |
1,5039 |
84,939 |
1,5040 |
84,976 |
1,5041 |
85,013 |
1,5042 |
85,049 |
1,5043 |
85,086 |
1,5044 |
85,123 |
1,5045 |
85,159 |
1,5046 |
85,196 |
1,5047 |
85,233 |
1,5048 |
85,269 |
1,5049 |
85,306 |
1,5050 |
85,343 |
1,5051 |
85,379 |
1,5052 |
85,416 |
1,5053 |
85,452 |
1,5054 |
85,489 |
1,5055 |
85,525 |
1,5056 |
85,562 |
1,5057 |
85,598 |
1,5058 |
85,635 |
1,5059 |
85,672 |
1,5060 |
85,708 |
1,5061 |
85,744 |
1,5062 |
85,781 |
1,5063 |
85,817 |
1,5064 |
85,854 |
1,5065 |
85,890 |
1,5066 |
85,927 |
1,5067 |
85,963 |
1,5068 |
86,000 |
1,5069 |
86,036 |
1,5070 |
86,072 |
1,5071 |
86,109 |
1,5072 |
86,145 |
1,5073 |
86,182 |
1,5074 |
86,218 |
1,5075 |
86,254 |
1,5076 |
86,291 |
1,5077 |
86,327 |
1,5078 |
86,363 |
1,5079 |
86,399 |
[1] Hodnoty x v xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxxxx pro ICUMSA xx X. Xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx byla xxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxxx x USDA x xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx x Xxxxx X. 33, 15-22 (xxxxxx 1970). Xxxxx lomu xxx xxxxx xxx 20 °X pomocí X xxxx Xx. Xxxx (xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx) xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx 20 °X xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx 760 torrů (xx Hg) x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx vlhkosti. Xxxx tabulka xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (47&xxxx;012, xxxxxx 11) xxxxxxxxxxxx x Intern. Xxxxx X. 39, 22 (1937).
XXXXXX 4
XXXXXXXXX REDUKUJÍCÍCH XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX CUKRY
(Metoda xxxxx xxxxxx Berlin Institut)
1. Xxxxxxx a oblast xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx slouží ke xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx
2. Definice
„Redukující xxxxx xxxxxxxxx jako invertní xxxx“: obsah xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx metody
Roztok xxxxxx x obsahem xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů se xxxxxxx xxx redukci xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx XX. Xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx roztokem xxxx (se xxxxxx xxxxxx), jehož xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx zpětnou xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (xx xxxxxx titrem).
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxx Cu XX (Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx)
4.1.1 Xx 400 ml xxxxxx vody xx xxxxxxxx 35 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx pentahydrátu (XxXX4 5X2X) x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.1.2 X 500 xx xxxxxx xxxx se xxxxxxxx 173 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx tetrahydrátu (Xxxxxxxxxx nebo Xxxxxxxxxxx xxx, KNaC4H4O6,4H2O) x 68 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sodného x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.1.3 Xxx xxxxxxx (4.1.1 x 4.1.2) se xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx 1 xxxxx. Xx xxxxxxx 2 x aktivního uhlí xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx x xxxx xx přefiltruje xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxx xxxx množství xxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxxxxx znovu xxxxxxxxxxxx.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxx 5 mol/l.
4.3 Xxxxxx xxxx, 0,01665 xxx/x (0,0333X; 4,2258 x/x).
4.4 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sodného, xxxxxx 0,0333 mol/l.
4.5 Xxxxxx xxxxxx: do xxxxx xxxxxx vody xx přilije xxxx 5 x rozpustného xxxxxx rozmíchaného xx 30 xx xxxx, xxxxxx xx 3 xxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. X případě xxxxxxx xx xxxxx 10 mg jodidu xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5. Přístroje a xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxxxxxxxx baňka, 300 xx; přesné xxxxxx a pipety.
5.2 Xxxxx lázeň, xxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xx 300 xx Erlenmeyerovy xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx (10 x xxxx méně), xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx více než 30 mg xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, x xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx 100 ml xxxx.
Xx xxxxx s roztokem xxxxxx xx odpipetuje 10 xx xxxxxxx Xx XX (4.1), xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx zamíchá x xxxxx xx xxxxx xx vroucí xxxxx xxxxx (5.2) na xxxx xxxxxx 10 xxxxx.
Xxxxxxx roztoku x Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx musí xxx xxxxxxx 20 xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxx se xxxxxx ochladí xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxx xx roztok nesmí xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx měďného xxxxxxxx kyslíkem.
Bez protřepávání xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx 5 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx octové (4.2) o xxxxxxxxxxx 5 mol/l x xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx (20 až 40 xx) roztoku xxxx (4.3) o koncentraci 0,016 65 xxx/x.
Xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx mícháním xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.4) x koncentraci 0,0333 xxx/x xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx škrobu (4.5) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx se xxxxxxx xx xxxxx titrace.
6.2 X xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx pokus, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx roztoku Cu XX (4.4). Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nepřekročí 0,1 xx.
6.3 X xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxx provede xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx 10 xxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxx x reakci xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, jako xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx siřičitý.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx výpočtu
Objem xxxxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx (xx) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jódu (0,016 65 mol/l) minus xxxxx (ml) xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sodného (0,0333 xxx/x) spotřebovaného xxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx (ml) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx (0,016 65 xxx/x) xx xxxxxx odečtením:
7.1.1 xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx při xxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxx (6.2),
7.1.2 xxxxx xx spotřebovaných xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx roztokem za xxxxxx (6.3),
7.1.3 objemu 2,0 xx xx xxxxxxx 10 x xxxxxxxxx přítomné x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx úměrného xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx-xx vzorek xxxx xxx 10 g xxxxxxxxx (korekce xx xxxxxxxxx).
Xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 1 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3) 1 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx cukru x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx podle vzorce:
kde:
V1 = xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3) xx korekci,
m0 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi xxxxxxxx xxxx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x téhož xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,02 x na 100 x xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 5
XXXXXXXXX REDUKUJÍCÍCH CUKRŮ XXXXXXXXXXX JAKO INVERTNÍ XXXX
(Xxxxxx podle Knighta x Xxxxxx)
1. Předmět x xxxxxx použití
Metoda xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx
- x cukru xxxx x xxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
„Xxxxxxxxxx cukry xxxxxxxxx xxxx invertní xxxx“: obsah redukujících xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx metody
K xxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx Xx XX, xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxx podíl xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx titrací s xxxxxxxx XXXX.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxx ethylendiamintetraoctová (xxxxxxxxx sůl) (EDTA), xxxxxx 0,0025 xxx/x: xxxxxxxx xx 0,930 x XXXX xx xxxx a xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
4.2 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx murexidu: 0,25 x xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xx 50 xx xxxx x xxxxxx xx x 20 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx methylenové xxxxx x koncentraci 0,2 x/100 ml.
4.3 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx činidlo: x 600 ml vody xxxxxxxxxx 40 xx xxxxxxxxx sodného x xxxxxxxxxxx 1,0 xxx/x xx xxxxxxxx 25 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x 25 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx. Přibližně x 100 xx xxxx xx rozpustí 6,0 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx – pentahydrátu (XxXX4 5X2X), vzniklý roztok xx xxxxx k xxxxxxx xxxxxx a xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx litru.
Poznámka: Xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xxxxx).
4.4 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx invertního xxxxx: x xxxxxxx xxxxx x objemu 250 xx se xxxxxxxx 23,750 x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx (4.5) asi xx 120 xx xxxx. Xxxxx xx 9 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (X20 = 1,16) x nechá xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx 8 dní. Xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 250 ml x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx zkontroluje odečtem xx polarimetru xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx při použití xxxxxxx x délce 200 mm. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx se xx xxxxxx 11,80 ± 0,05°X (xxx xxxxxxxx 8). 200 ml xxxxxx roztoku xx xxxxxxxxxx do xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 2000 xx, zředí xx vodou x xx xxxxxxx protřepávání (xxx xxxxxxx k xxxxxxxxxx místnímu xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx) xx xxxxx 71,4 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sodného (1 xxx/x), ve xxxxxx xxxx rozpuštěny 4 x xxxxxxxx benzoové. Xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 2000 xx, xx. xxx xxxxxxxxx 1 g invertního xxxxx ve 100 xx; hodnota xX xxxxxxx se xx xxxxxxxxx kolem 3.
Tento xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx před použitím.
4.5 Xxxxx sacharosa: vzorek xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx 0,001 g/100 x.
5. Přístroje x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxxx 150 x 20 xx.
5.2 Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx miska.
5.3 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx na 0,1 xx.
6. Postup
6.1 Xx xxxxxxxx (5.1) xx xxxxxxxx 5 x vzorku xxxxx x 5 xx xxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxx xx 2,0 ml xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3) x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx. Zkumavka se xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx 5 xxxxx x xxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx.
6.2 Xxxxxx xx ze xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx, s xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxx do xxxx porcelánovou xxxxx (5.2), xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (4.2) x xxxxxxx xx roztokem XXXX (4.1). Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xx xx xxxxxx xxxx X0.
Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx titrace xx xxxxx roztoku xxxxx xx zelené xxxx šedou xx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxx. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx rychlost xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx mědi. Xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
6.3 Xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx křivka xx základě xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (xxxxxxxxx zředěný xxxxxx 4.4) x 5 x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx (4.5) x xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx 5 xx. Titrační xxxxxxxx (xx) xx xxxxxx xx grafu proti xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx k 5 x xxxxxxxxx; xxxxxxxxx křivkou je xxxxxx v xxxxxxx 0,001 xx 0,019 x xx 100 x xxxxxxxxxx cukru, xxxx. 100 x xxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx
X xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx odečte xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx cukru (x procentech) odpovídající xxxxxxxx XXXX X0 xx při analýze xxxxxx.
7.2 Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx 0,017 x xxxxxxxxxx cukru xx 100 g xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxx 6.1, analyzovaný xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx 5 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (4.5).
7.3 Opakovatelnost
Rozdíl xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x téhož xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,005 g na 100 x vzorku.
8. Xxxxxxxx
Xxx xxxxxxx hodnoty xx °S xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx uvedená x °S dělí 2,889 (xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 xx; sodíková výbojka xxxx xxxxxxxx zdroj; xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xx xxxxx udržovat xxxxxxx xxxxx 20 °X).
XXXXXX 6
XXXXXXXXX REDUKUJÍCÍCH XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
(Xxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxx x Xxxxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx
1.1 xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx cukr
- x xxxxxxx cukru,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx,
- x tekutém xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx cukru,
- x sirupu x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx z invertního xxxxx xxxxxx;
1.2 obsahu xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx vyjádřeného x vypočteného (xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
- xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sirupu;
1.3 xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx jako X-xxxxxxx
- x dextrose xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x dextrose bezvodé.
2. Xxxxxxxx
„Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx cukry, X-xxxxxxx xxxx jako xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů vyjádřený xxxx vypočtený xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx, Dglukosa xxxx xxxxxxxxxx ekvivalent xxxxxxxxx popsanou xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx (x x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx) xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxx Xx XX, xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx Xx X. Xxxxxxxx Xx XX xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx činidla
4.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx X: 21,95 x xxxxxx zinečnatého xxxxxxxxx, (Xx(XX3XXX)22X2X) nebo 24 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, (Xx(XX3XXX)2-3X2X) xx spolu x xxxxxxxxx 3 ml xxxxxx kyseliny xxxxxx xxxxxxxx ve xxxx x xxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 xx.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx XX: 10,6 g xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (K4[Fe(CN)6]-3H2O) xx xxxxxxxx ve xxxx x doplní xxxxx do 100 xx.
4.3 Luffovo-Schoorlovo xxxxxxx: xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx:
4.3.1 Xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx: 25 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (XxXX45X2X) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xx 100 xx vody.
4.3.2 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx: 50 g kyseliny xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx (C6H8O7-H2O) xx xxxxxxxx x 50 ml xxxx.
4.3.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx: 143,8 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sodného se xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx v 300 xx xxxxx xxxx x nechá xx xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.3.4 X xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3.3) x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx se xx mírného xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx pohybem xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (4.3.2). Xxxxx xx xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx vyvíjet xxxx, xxx se xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (4.3.1) x xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 1000 xx. Roztok xx nechá stát xxxx xxx, x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx přefiltruje. Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxx 6.1 (Cu 0,1 xxx/x; Xx2XX3 1 xxx/x).
4.4 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x.
4.5 Xxxxxx xxxxxx: xx xxxxxxx xxxxx vroucí xxxx xx xxxxxxx 5 x rozpustného xxxxxx rozmíchaného xx 30 xx xxxx. Xxxxxx se 3 xxxxxx a xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx; xx-xx xxxxx, xxxxx xx 10 mg jodidu xxxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.6 Kyselina xxxxxx, 3 xxx/x.
4.7 Xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, 30 % (x/X).
4.8 Úlomky xxxxx, xxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxx chlorovodíkové, xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx.
4.9 Xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.10 Xxxxxxxx xxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x.
4.11 Xxxxxxxx chlorovodíková, 0,1&xxxx;&xxxx;&xxxx; xxx/x.
4.12 Xxxxxxxxxxx, jednoprocentní xxxxxx (x/X) v xxxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, x objemu 300 xx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
5.2 Xxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxxx titru Luffova-Schoorlova xxxxxxx (4.3):
6.1.1 Xx 25 ml Luffova-Schoorlova xxxxxxx (4.3) xx xxxxxxx 3 x xxxxxx draselného x 25 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x koncentraci 3 xxx/x (4.6).
Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x (4.4) xx xxxxxxx škrobového xxxxxxx (4.5) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx, který se xxxxx až xx xxxxx xxxxxxx. Pokud xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x koncentraci 0,1 mol/l xxxxx 25 xx, musí xxx činidlo xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
6.1.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xx 10 xx xxxxxxx xx 100xx xxxxxxx xxxxx a xx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx.
10 xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx činidla xx xxxxxxxxxx xx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx 25 xx kyseliny chlorovodíkové x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) x xxxxxxx se po xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx vodní xxxxx. Xxx se xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx a xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx hydroxidu sodného x koncentraci 0,1 xxx/x (4.10) za xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.12) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sodného, 0,1 xxx/x (4.10) xxxx xxx xxxx 5,5 x 6,5 xx.
6.1.3 10 ml xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.1.2) xx xxxxxxx kyselinou chlorovodíkovou, 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) xx použití fenolftaleinu (4.12) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx zbarvení.
Spotřeba roztoku xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) musí xxx xxxx 6,0 x 7,5 ml.
6.1.4 Xxxxxxx pH Luffova-Schoorlova xxxxxxx musí být xxxx 9,3 a 9,4 xxx 20 °X.
6.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
6.2.1 Xxxxxx xx 5 x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 1 xx x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx baňky x xxxxxx 250 xx xxxxxxxxxx 200 xx xxxx. V případě xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx 5 xx Xxxxxxxxx roztoku X (4.1), xxx xx xxxxx 5 xx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx XX (4.2). Po xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx se xxxxx zamíchá. Xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xx 250 xx x dobře promíchá. X případě potřeby xx roztok xxxxxxxxxxx.
6.2.2 Xxxxxx (6.2.1) xx xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxx, aby xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx se x 25 ml xxxxxxx pohyboval x xxxxxxx 15 xx 60 xx.
6.3 Titrace xxxxx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx metody
Do 300 xx Erlenmeyerovy xxxxx (5.1) xx xxxxxxxxxx 25 ml Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3), xx baňky xx xxx pipetou odměří 25 ml cukerného xxxxxxx (6.2.2) a xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx (4.8). X xxxxx (5.1) xx připojí xxxxxx xxxxxxx a xxxxxxxxx xx ihned xxxxxx xx drátěnou xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx nad xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx kahanu. Síťka xx v xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx kruhový xxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx, jako xx xxx baňky. Xxxxxxxx xx přibližně xxxxx xxxx minut uvede xx xxxx a xxxxx xx xxxxxx 10 minut xxxxx xxxxx. Pak se xxxxx ochladí xx xxxxxxx xxxx a xx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx titruje xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx:
Xxxxx xx 10 ml roztoku xxxxxx draselného (4.7), xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx (s xxxxxxx na bouřlivý xxxxx xxxxx) 25 xx xxxxxxxx sírové x xxxxxxxxxxx 3 xxx/x (4.6). Xxxxxxx xx roztokem xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x (4.4), xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx xx přidá xxxx xxxxxxxxx několik mililitrů xxxxxxx škrobu (4.5) x pokračuje xx x xxxxxxx až xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xx slepý xxxxx x 25 xx xxxx xxxxx 25 xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.2.2).
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
X xxxx xxxxxxx tabulky xx xxxxxx (případně xx xxxxxxx interpolací) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx invertního xxxxx x xx, xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx mezi xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx spotřebami, xxxxxxxxxxx x xx xxxxxxx thiosíranu sodného x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x.
Xxxxxxxx xx vyjádří x xxxxxxxxxx (x/x) xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx X-xxxxxxx, vztažených na xxxxxx.
7.2 Opakovatelnost
Rozdíl xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx za xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx pracovníkem xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nesmí xxx xxxxx xxx 0,2 xx.
8. Xxxxxxxx
Xxxx xxxxxxxxxx kyselinou xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx množství xxxxxxxxxxxx (4.9), xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx – Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
0,1 xxx/x Na2S2O3 |
Glukosa, fruktosa, xxxxxxxx xxxx X6X12X6 |
|
xx |
xx |
xxxxxx |
1 |
2,4 |
|
2 |
4,8 |
2,4 |
3 |
7,2 |
2,4 |
4 |
9,7 |
2,5 |
5 |
12,2 |
2,5 |
6 |
14,7 |
2,5 |
7 |
17,2 |
2,5 |
8 |
19,8 |
2,6 |
9 |
22,4 |
2,6 |
10 |
25,0 |
2,6 |
11 |
27,6 |
2,6 |
12 |
30,3 |
2,7 |
13 |
33,0 |
2,7 |
14 |
35,7 |
2,7 |
15 |
38,5 |
2,8 |
16 |
41,3 |
2,8 |
17 |
44,2 |
2,9 |
18 |
47,1 |
2,9 |
19 |
50,0 |
2,9 |
20 |
53,0 |
3,0 |
21 |
56,0 |
3,0 |
22 |
59,1 |
3,1 |
23 |
62,2 |
3,1 |
XXXXXX 7
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX CUKRŮ XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX INVERTNÍ XXXX
(Xxxxxx podle Lanea x Xxxxxx – xxxxxxxxxx x konstantním xxxxxxx)
1. Předmět x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx redukujících xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxx xxxx
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx bílém,
- x tekutém invertním xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx invertním xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx x invertního xxxxx bílého.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx vyjádřené xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů stanovený xxxxxxxx metodou.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx zkušebního xxxxxx xx titruje xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx roztoku x použitím xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Fehlingův xxxxxx:
4.1.1 Xxxxxx X:
69,3 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (CuSO4·5H2O) xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx x doplní se xx 1000 xx.
4.1.2 Xxxxxx B:
346,0 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (XXxX4X4X6·4X2X) x 100 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxxxx xx 1000 ml. Xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxx xxx xxxxxxx je xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx jantarově xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.2 Roztok xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, 1 xxx/x.
4.3 Xxxxxxxxxx roztok xxxxxxxxxx cukru: 23,750 x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xx 120 xx xxxx xx 250xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xx 9 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxx 1,16 x/xx) x xxxxx xx stát xxx xxxxxxxxxxx teplotě xx xxxx 8 xxx. Xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 250 xx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx zkontroluje xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx 200 xx. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx má xxxxxx 11,80 ± 0,05 °X (xxx xxxxxxxx 8). 200 xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xx 2000xxxxxxxxxxx odměrné xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxx x xx stálého xxxxxxxxxxxx (aby xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx místnímu xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx) xx xxxxx 71,4 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x koncentraci 1 xxx/x (4.2), ve xxxxxx xxxx rozpuštěny 4 g xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxx do 2000 xx, xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx obsahoval 1 x xxxxxxxxxx cukru xx 100 ml. Xxxxxxx pH roztoku xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 3.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx by xx měl xxxxx xx xxxxx před xxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx o xxxxxxxxxxx 0,25 x/100 xx xx 250ml xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx rysku zásobním xxxxxxxx o xxxxxxxxxxx 1 g/100 xx xxx 20 °X. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx do 1000 xx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx se xxx 20 °X xx xxxxx vodou.
4.4 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, 1 x/100 xx.
5. Xxxxxxxxx a xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxx baňky s xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx 500 xx.
5.2 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx 50 xx, dělená xx 0,05 xx, x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
5.3 Xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx 20, 25 x 50 xx.
5.4 Xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 250, 1000 x 2000 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx, xxxxxx xxx udržování xxxx xx podmínek xxxxxxxxx x xxxx 6.1 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx změnu x xxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxx by xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx ze xxxxxx xxxxx.
5.6 Stopky xxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx na 1 xxxxxxx.
6. Postup
6.1 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
6.1.1 Xx čisté a xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx 50 xx xxxxxxx X (4.1.2), xxxx 50 xx xxxxxxx A (4.1.1) x xxxxx se xxxxxxxx.
6.1.2 Byreta xx xxxxxxxxxx a xxxxxx 0,25 % (0,25 x/100 xx) xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx invertního xxxxx (4.3).
6.1.3 Do 500 xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx podíl 20 xx směsného xxxxxxx X x X (6.1.1) a xxxxxxx xx 15 xx xxxx. X byrety xx xx baňky xxxxxx 39 xx xxxxxxx invertního cukru, xxxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxxxx kamínků a xxxxx se jemným xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.4 Xxxxx xxxxx se xxxxxxx k xxxx x xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx baňka xxxxx sejmout ze xxxxxx xxxxx a xxxxx dojít x xxxxxxxxx xxxx.
Xx konci xxxxxxxxxxxxxx varu xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx kapky roztoku xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (4.4). Xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
6.1.5 Xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xx 0,2 ml, xxx xx 0,1 ml x xxxxxxx po xxxxxxx, xx se xxxxxxx konečného bodu. Xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx zbarvení xxxxxxxx methylenové xxxxx. Xxxxx roztoku xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx oxidu xxxxxxx.
6.1.6 Xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx mělo být xxxxxxxx do xxx xxxxx od začátku xxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx V0 xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 39,0 xx 41,0 xx. Je-li xxxxxxx X0 xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx rozmezí, xxxxxx xx koncentrace xxxx xx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) x stanovení titru xx xxxxxxx.
6.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 250 až 400 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 xx.
6.3 Xxxxxxxxxx zkouška
6.3.1 Xx nutné xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx zkoušku ke xxxxxxxx potřebného přídavku xxxx x 20 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx X a B, xxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxx po xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx 75 xx.
Xxxxxxxxx se xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxx 6.1.4, xxxxx xxxxx standardního xxxxxxx invertního xxxxx xx xxxxxxx roztok xxxxxx, xx. do xxxxx xx byretou xxxxxx 25 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxx xx 15 xx xxxx, nechá se 2 xxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxx titruje xx xx dosažení konečného xxxx, jak xx xxxxxxx v xxxx 6.1.5.
6.3.2 Xxxxx po xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx přetrvává načervenalé xxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. V xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx a xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxx koncentrací xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xx-xx k xxxxxxxx načervenalého xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx 50 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxx xx xx xxxxxx, xx xxxxxxxx odečtením objemu xxxxxxxx Fehlingova xxxxxxx (20 xx) x xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx 75 ml.
6.4 Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
6.4.1 Xx xxxxx xxxxx xx odpipetuje 20 xx směsného Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx 6.3.
6.4.2 X byrety xx xxxxxx roztok xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx stanoveném xxxxx bodu 6.3, xxxxxxxx x 1 xx. Přidá xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx baňky xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx promíchá, xxxxxx x titruje xxxxx předchozího kroku (6.3). Xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx být xxxxxxxx xxxxx minutu xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xxx konečné xxxxxxx xx rovná X1.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx výpočtu
Obsah xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx vyjádřený jako xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx:
xxx:
X = xxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x/100 xx),
X0 = spotřeba xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx invertního xxxxx (xx) při xxxxxxxxx titru,
V1 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (xx) xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.4.2),
x = korekční xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx koncentraci xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx; xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx v xxxx uvedené xxxxxxx:
Xxxxxxxxx (x ve směsi xxxxxxx do varu) |
Korekční xxxxxx x |
0,0 |
1,000 |
0,5 |
0,982 |
1,0 |
0,971 |
1,5 |
0,962 |
2,0 |
0,954 |
2,5 |
0,946 |
3,0 |
0,939 |
3,5 |
0,932 |
4,0 |
0,926 |
4,5 |
0,920 |
5,0 |
0,915 |
5,5 |
0,910 |
6,0 |
0,904 |
6,5 |
0,898 |
7,0 |
0,893 |
7,5 |
0,888 |
8,0 |
0,883 |
8,5 |
0,878 |
9,0 |
0,874 |
9,5 |
0,869 |
10,0 |
0,864 |
Xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x tabulkových xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxxxxxxx koncentrace xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx pevných xxxxx x invertního cukru (xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx hodnota x xxxxx 1,0) xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx sacharosa x xxxxxxxxxxx na xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx 3 xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx za sebou x téhož xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 1,0 % xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx průměru.
8. Xxxxxxxx
Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx °X xx polarimetrické xxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxx hodnota xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx °X xxxx faktorem 2,889 (xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 mm; xxxxxxxx výbojka xxxx xxxxxxxx zdroj; xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx teplotu xxxxxxx 20 °C).
METODA 8
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX EKVIVALENTU
(Metoda xxxxx Xxxxx a Xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx a xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxx metoda xxxxxx xx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
- ve xxxxxxxxx sirupu,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx bezvodé.
2. Xxxxxxxx
2.1 "Redukční xxxx": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů xxxxxxxxx popsanou xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (X-xxxxxxx) a xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
2.2 "Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx": xxxxxxxx síla xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx vzorku.
3. Xxxxxxxx metody
Roztokem xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx za xxxxxx xxxxxxxx podmínek xxxxxxx za bodu xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx Fehlingova xxxxxxx x použitím methylenové xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx:
4.1.1 Xxxxxx X:
Xx xxxx se xxxxxxxx 69,3 g síranu xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (XxXX4·5X2X) x x xxxxxxx xxxxx o xxxxxx 1000 xx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxx.
4.1.2 Xxxxxx X:
Xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx 346,0 x xxxxxx sodno-draselného xxxxxxxxxxxx (XXxX4X4X6·4X2X) x 100 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x v xxxxxxx baňce x xxxxxx 1000 xx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx. Xxxx roztok xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx usazeniny, která xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxx dva roztoky (4.1.1 x 4.1.2) xx třeba skladovat x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.1.3 Xxxxxxxx směsného Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xx xxxxx kádinky xx xxxxxxxxxx 50 xx xxxxxxx X (4.1.2) x xxxx 50 ml xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxx připravovat xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (6.1).
4.2 Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (D-glukosa) (X6X12X6)
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx 4 xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx sušárně xxx teplotě 100 ± 1 °X xxxx nižší a xxx xxxxx xxx 10 xXx (103 xxxx).
4.3 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, 0,600 x/100 xx
X xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 mg xx xxxxxx 0,6 g xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.2), xxxxxxxx xx ve xxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx odměrné xxxxx x xxxxxx 100 xx (5.4), doplní xxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxx xx nutno xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx, xxx bude xxxxxxxx.
4.4 Xxxxxx methylenové xxxxx, 0,1 g/100 xx xxxx
Xxxxxxxx se 0,1 x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 xx vody.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxx xxxxx s úzkým xxxxxx o xxxxxx 250 ml.
5.2 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx 50 xx, s postranním xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx xx 0,05 ml.
5.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 25 xx x 50 xx.
5.4 Xxxxxxx xxxxx o xxxxxx 100 a 500 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx, xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx v xxxx 6.1 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx barevnou xxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxx bez xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx baňku (5.1) ze xxxxxx xxxxx (xxx bod 6.1 poznámka 3).
5.6 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx na 1 xxxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Fehlingova xxxxxxx
6.1.1 Xx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xx xxxxxxxxxx 25 xx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.1.3).
6.1.2 Byreta (5.2) xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.3) x xxxxxxxx se xxxxxxx na xxxxxxx xxxxx.
6.1.3 Do xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xx x xxxxxx napustí 18 xx standardního xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.3) x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.4 Xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx na xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx (5.5), xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx, xxx var xxxxxx xx 120 ± 15 xxxxxx.
X celém xxxxxxx titrace xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx nastavováno jinak (xxx xxxxxxxx 1).
6.1.5 Xxxxxxx se xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx, spustí xx stopky od xxxx.
6.1.6 Obsah baňky xx xxxxxx 120 xxxxxx (xxxxx xxxxxx).
Xx xxxxx xx xxxxx 1 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx modři (4.4).
6.1.7 Xx 120 xxxxxxxxx (xxxxx stopek) xx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxx (6.1.2) do xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx roztok xxxxxxxx xx 0,5xx dávkách, xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx neodbarví (xxx xxxxxxxx 2 a 3).
Xxxxxxxxx se celkový xxxxx přidaného standardního xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (X xx) včetně předposlední 0,5xx dávky.
6.1.8 Xxxxx x xxxxxx 6.1.1 x 6.1.2 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.9 X xxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xxxxxxx (X 0,3) xx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx.
6.1.10 Xxxxx x xxxxxx 6.1.4, 6.1.5 x 6.1.6 se xxxxxxxx.
6.1.11 Xx 120 xxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xxxxxx) xx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxx xx varné baňky (5.1) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, zpočátku xx 0,2ml xxxxxxx x nakonec xx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx modř xxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
Xx konci xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx dvěma xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 10 xx 15 sekund.
Toto xxxxxxxxx xxxx být xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 60 xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx 180 sekund.
K xxxxxx účelu xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx, příslušně xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx dávkou xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx (6.1.9).
6.1.12 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (V0 xx) xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx titraci (xxx xxxxxxxx 4).
6.1.13 Xxxxxxx X0 xxxx xxx v rozmezí 19,0 xx 21,0 xx standardního roztoku xxxxxxxx (4.3).
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx X0 xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx rozmezí, xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) a xxxxxxxxxxxxxx proces xx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.14 Vzhledem k xxxx, xx xxxxxxx X0 xx přesně xxxxx, xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx titraci x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku dextrosy X0 – 0,5.
Xxxxxxxx 1:
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx, vyvíjení xxxx xx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx během xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x x xx největší xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx vzduchu xx xxxxxxxx baňky a xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx obsahu.
Poznámka 2:
Odbarvení xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx modři xx xxxxxxx pozorovatelné x horních xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx x v xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xx. v xxxxxxx, které x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx měďnatý. Xxxxxxxxx je xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Je xxxxxxx xxxxxx stínítko za xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx 3:
Xxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxx stanovení co xxxxxxx chráněna xxxx xxxxxxx tepla.
Poznámka 4:
Xxxxxxxx x xxxx, že xxxxx xxxxx vyloučit xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx standardizační xxxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx vlastní xxxxxxx X0 (7.1).
6.2 Orientační xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku
6.2.1 Xxxxx není známa xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx (2.1) připraveného xxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxxxxxx předběžnou zkoušku, xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, x mohla xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (6.3).
Tato xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx:
6.2.2 Připraví xx X % (x/X) xxxxxx xxxxxx, "X" xx přibližnou xxxxxxx.
6.2.3 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x bodě 6.1.2 x použitím roztoku xxxxxx (6.2.2) xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.2.4 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x bodě 6.1.1.
6.2.5 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.3 x xxxxxxxx 10 xx roztoku vzorku xxxxxxx 18,0 xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.2.6 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x bodě 6.1.4.
6.2.7 Xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx k xxxx. Xxxxx xx 1 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (4.4).
6.2.8 Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx var, xxxxxx xx xxxxxx (5.6) xx nuly x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxx z xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx 1,0 ml xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx asi 10 sekund, x xx xx do xxxxxxxxx methylenové modři.
Zaznamená xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx (X ml) xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx 0,5 xx xxxxx.
6.2.9 Xxxxxxx "Y" xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx 50 xx. Xxxxx x xxxx dojde, xx xxxxx xxxxxx koncentraci xxxxxxx xxxxxx a xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
6.2.10 Přibližná xxxxxxx redukční xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx (x %):
6.3 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
X xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx se xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku (mg), xxxxx xxxxxxxx 2,85 xx 3,15 x xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů vyjádřených xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (Xxxxxxxx). Xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx buď xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx (2.1), xxxx xxxxxxxxx hodnota xxxxxxx x bodě 6.2.10.
6.4 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 500 ml xxxxxxxx xx xxxx x vodou xxxxxx xx xxxxx.
6.5 Xxxxxxxxx
6.5.1 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.1.
6.5.2 Xxxxxx (5.2) se xxxxxx zkušební xxxxxxxx (6.4) a xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx.
6.5.3 X xxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx 18,5 xx roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx se xxxxx xxxxx zamíchá.
6.5.4 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x bodě 6.1.4.
6.5.5 Xxxxxxxxx se xxxx x bodě 6.1.5.
6.5.6 Xxxxxxxxx xx jako x xxxx 6.1.6.
6.5.7 Xxxxxxxxx se xxxx x bodě 6.1.7, x použitím zkušebního xxxxxxx xxxxxxx standardního xxxxxxx dextrosy.
6.5.8 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.8.
6.5.9 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.9, x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.5.10 Postupuje xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.10.
6.5.11 Xxxxxxxxx se xxxx x bodě 6.1.11, x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx namísto xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.5.12 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx (X1) spotřebovaného zkušebního xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.5.13 Hodnota X1 xxxx xxx x xxxxxxx 19,0 xx 21,0 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx se xxxxxxx X1 nachází xxxx xxxx rozmezí, upraví xx koncentrace zkušebního xxxxxxx x xxxxx 6.5.1 xx 6.5.12 xx zopakují.
6.5.14 Provedou xx xxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.6 Xxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx 2 xx xxxxxxx obsah xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Vzorce x postup xxxxxxx
7.1.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku xx dána xxxxxxx:
xxx
X0 = xxxxx (xx) xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx dextrosy (4.3) spotřebovaný xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx titraci (6.1),
V1 = objem (xx) xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.4) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx titraci x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (6.5),
X = hmotnost xxxxxxxxxx vzorku (x) (6.3) xxxxxxxxx k xxxxxxxx 500 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
7.1.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x procentech hmotnosti xxxxxx připraveného xxxxxx xx dán xxxxxxx:
xxx
XX = xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (7.1.1),
X = xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku x xxxxxxxxxx hmotnostních.
7.1.3 Xxxxxxxxx je xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx, xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (7.2).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx rychle za xxxxx z téhož xxxxxx tímtéž xxxxxxxxxxx xx totožných xxxxxxxx xxxxx být větší xxx 1,0 % xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx průměru.
METODA 9
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX
1. Xxxxxxx a oblast xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx síranového xxxxxx
- xx škrobovém xxxxxx,
- x sušeném xxxxxxxxx sirupu,
- v xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx metodou.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx atmosféře xxx 525 °X xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx a xx vyjádřena x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx činidla
4.1 Kyselina xxxxxx, zředěný xxxxxx: xxxxxx a opatrně xx xxxxxxx 100 xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx kyseliny xxxxxx (hustota xxx 20 °X = 1,84 x/xx; 96 % m/m) xx 300 xx vody xx současného xxxxxxx x chlazení.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x pomůcky
5.1 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x umožňující xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx 525 ± 25 °X.
5.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx s xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.3 Xxxxxxx pro xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
5.4 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx čerstvě xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vysoušedlo s xxxxxxxxxxx obsahu xxxxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx (5.3) se xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, ponechá xx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxx se. Xx kelímku xx xxxxxx (xx 0,1 xx) xxxxxx 5 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx sušeného škrobového xxxxxx, případně 10 x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx bezvodé.
Přidá xx 5 xx xxxxxxx kyseliny xxxxxx (4.1) (xxx xxxxxxxx 8.1) x vzorek xx x kelímku xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx tak xxxxxx, dokud xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxxx 8.2), xx xxxx provádět x xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx (5.3) xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx (5.1), předehřáté xx 525 ± 25 °C, x xxxxxxx xx x xx, xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx popel. Xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxxx 8.3).
Xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx 30 xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx (5.4) x poté xx xxxxx.
7. Vyjádření xxxxxxxx
7.1 Vzorec x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxx síranového xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxxx hmotnostních vzorku xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx:
xxx
x1 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x),
x0 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx zkušebního xxxxxx (x).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx xx sebou x téhož xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nesmí xxx xxxxx než 2,0 % xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
8. Xxxxxxxx
8.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxxx po xxxxxx xxxxxxx, aby xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
8.2 Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx postupovat xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx ke xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx popela xxxxx přílišnému bobtnání xxxxxx.
8.3 Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (xx. xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx), xxxxxxx xx třeba z xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx x opět xxxxxx xx xxxx.
XXXXXX 10
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
- x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxx x cukru xxxxx,
- x cukru xxxxx bílém.
2. Definice
Polarizací xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx obsahujícího 26 x cukru xx 100 xx, xxxxx xx uzavřen x trubici o xxxxx 200 mm, xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx metody
Polarizace xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx nebo xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxx uvedené xxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx: xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xx xxx 1000 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx 560 x xxxxxxx bazického xxxxxx olovnatého. Xxxx xx 30 minut xxxx x poté xx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx.
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxx převařenou xxxxx xxx, xxx xxxxxx roztok o xxxxxxx 1,25 g/ml (xxx 20 °C).
Tento xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxx
5. Přístroje x xxxxxxx
5.1 Sacharimetr xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 26 g xxxxxxxxx, popřípadě xxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx musí být xxxxxxx v místnosti, xx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx 20 °C. Xxxxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
5.2 Světelný xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx ze xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 mm s xxxxxxxxx ± 0,02 xx.
5.4 Analytické xxxx, xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx odměrné xxxxx x xxxxxx 100 xx xx xxxxxxx. Baňky se xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx v xxxxxxx 100,00 ± 0,01 xx mohou xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx být xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx 100 xx.
5.6 Xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xx 20 ± 0,1 °X.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxx roztoku
Co xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx 26 ± 0,002 x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx odměrné xxxxx x xxxxxx 100 xx (5.5) obsahující xxx 60 xx xxxx.
Xxxxxx xx rozpustí xxxxxxx, xxxxxx však xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx je xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xx 0,5 ml xxxxxxx octanu xxxxxxxxxx (4.1).
Xxxxxx se míchá xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx, xxxxx meniskus xxxxxxxxxx xxx 10 xx xxx kalibrační xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.6) xxxxxxxxxx při 20 ± 0,1 °X x xxxxxxx xx xxx tak xxxxxx, dokud xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx kapaliny xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.2).
Roztok se xxxxxx vodou xx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx alespoň xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx dnem xxxxxx.
Xxxxx xx nechá pět xxxxx xxxx.
6.2 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
Xx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx úkonů xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx 20 ± 0,1 °X.
6.2.1 Polarimetr se xxxxxxx xx xxxx.
6.2.2 Xxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxxxx 10 xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxx se xx xxxxxxx 50 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.2.3 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx dvojnásobným xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx vzorku xxxxxxxx k xxxxxxx (6.2.2).
6.2.4 Xxxxxxx xx xxx teplotě 20 ± 0,1 °C xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx k xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx se xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx vzduchové xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx se xxxxxx xx kolébky xxxxxxxxx.
6.2.5 Xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,05°S nebo 0,02 xxxxxxxx stupňů. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx čtyřikrát. Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx x xxxxxx pěti xxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků
7.1 Vzorec x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx X x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1°X. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx na xxxxxx X se xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx:
X = xxxxxx stupeň × 2,889
7.2 Opakovatelnost
Rozdíl xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x téhož vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nesmí xxx větší xxx 0,1°X, přičemž výsledek xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx z xxxx xxxxxx.